Reflections on the use of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing in schools

Providing support to schools following a critical incident has become an established part of service delivery for many Educational Psychology Services (EPSs) in the UK. This article offers reflections on the use of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) in schools. A review of the literature on critical incidents, trauma, resilience and bereavement suggested that studies exploring the effectiveness of psychological debriefing in general have produced mixed findings, which may be accounted for by methodological flaws and inappropriate application of the intervention. However it is also argued that the underpinning theoretical assumptions of CISD are questionable and, as a result, that Psychological First Aid, a non-intrusive evidence-informed approach, may be more appropriate in this context.     

独立同分布应力串并联系统的可靠性分析

通过定义两种类型的指数分布,运用实用分析法的思想,提出应力串并联系统的可靠性分析的当量指数方法,而且能够近似地获得显示的可靠性设计表达式.     

Species-diversified plant cover enhances orchard ecosystem resistance to climatic stress and soil erosion in subtropical hillside

Naturally occurring plants in agroecosystem evidently play an important role in ecosystem stability. Field studies on the ecological effects of native plants conserved in orchard and their resistance to adverse climatic stress, and soil erosion were conducted from 1998 to 2001 in a newly developed Changshan-huyou (Citrus changshan-huyou Y.B. Chang)orchard. The experimental area covered 150 ha in typical red soil hilly region in southeastern China. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with six combinations of twelve plant species with four replications. All species used were native in the orchard. Plots were 15×8m2 and separated by 2 m buffer strips. Precipitation, soil erosion in rainstorm days and aboveground biomass of plant community when rainstorm days ended, soil temperature and moisture under various plant covers during seasonal megathermal drought period, antiscourability of soil with different root density under various simulated rainfalls were measured. Plant cover significantly decreased the daily highest and mean soil temperature and its daily variation in hot-drought season, but there was no significant difference of the alleviation among various plant covers. Plant covers significantly increased the soil moisture in seasonal megathermal drought period. Better moisture maintenance and soil erosion reduction was found when the plant species numbers in cover plant communities increased from one to eight. Higher root density in plant communities with higher species richness increased significantly the antiscourability of the soil. It was suggested that conserving plant communities with diversified native species could produce the best positiveecological effects on citrus orchard ecosystem stability.     

试论意义在韵律构词中的根本作用

有关韵律构词理论,有几个问题一直争论不清,一是[1 2]的[形 名]结构的韵律格式如何划分,二是[1 2]的[名 名]结构为何存在。之所以争论不清,是因为各家都没有把一个重要的因素——意义考虑在内。本文通过论证得出结论:意义在韵律词的形成过程中起的作用是根本的。     

Science Letters:Analytical solution for fixed-end beam subjected to uniform load

INTRODUCTION The plane stress problem of beams is very clas-sical in elasticity theory and is encountered frequently in practical cases. Timoshenko and Goodier (1970) investigated isotropic beams for different cases, such as tension, shearing, pure bending, bending of a can-tilever by transverse load at the end, bending of a simply supported beam by uniform load and other cases of continuously loaded beams. Lekhnitskii (1968) studied the anisotropic beams problem including tension, shear…     

抗逆学生问题解决能力表现的实证研究

抗逆学生指能够克服自身家庭社会经济地位较低的不利影响,取得较为优异成绩的学生。问题解决能力属于综合的高层次认知能力,研究发现:抗逆学生数理能力相对较强,在“方案实施与改进”维度中的表现较好,男、女抗逆学生之间差异不大。     

Cortisol levels of caregivers in child care centers as related to the quality of their caregiving

The present study examined whether stress in professional caregivers – as reflected in salivary cortisol levels – is related to the quality of their caregiving behavior. The 221 professional female caregivers in 64 child care centers were observed in three different situations and saliva samples were taken three times during the morning. Results showed that higher levels of cortisol, particularly at the beginning of the workday, predicted lower-quality caregiver behavior beyond the contribution of three other predictors, namely a higher self-reported physical workload, more children under age two in the care group, and lower caregiver age. Contrary to the expectation, higher cortisol levels did not mediate the relation between higher self-reported physical workload and more children under age two on the one hand and lower-quality caregiving behavior on the other.     

尊师重教:师范生免费教育政策导引教师教育变革

我国教育发展正处在由数量发展向质量提高的转折点上,师范院校肩负培养和提高国民素质的重大责任。国家兴衰在于教育,教育成败在于教师。实施师范生免费教育是向全社会表明尊师重教、吸引优秀青年从教、提倡教育家办学的重要举措,也是教师教育改革创新的重要契机。     

Military Wives' Stressful Disclosures to Their Deployed Husbands: The Role of Protective Buffering

This study combines the fever model with communication privacy management to examine the conditions under which military wives are likely to disclose their family stressors or engage in protective buffering with their deployed husbands. Military wives (N =105) whose husbands were deployed and who had at least one child completed a web-based survey about the communication of family stressors during deployment. Protective buffering was associated with negative health symptoms, and disclosure was related to marital satisfaction. Wives' perceptions that their husbands were in dangerous situations as well as their perceptions that husbands were supportive of their disclosures were both related to protective buffering and disclosure.