冬泳者机体应激反应与冷适应能力的实验研究

对武汉市常年坚持冬泳健康男性30名,用放免测试仪测量冬泳运动中老年男性血清皮质醇、催乳素、甲状腺激素(T3)含量.观察冬泳运动机体应激反应时血清皮质醇、催乳素、血清T3浓度变化,探讨机体的冷适应能力.结果发现:1年、3年及3年以上冬泳者出水后血清皮质醇的浓度明显高于入水前;催乳素无统计学意义.首年冬泳组冬泳出水后高于自身安静状态; 3年以上安静状态血清T3水平高于对照组;3年以上组冬泳出水后血清T3水平与自身安静状态无统计学意义.说明冬泳运动机体应激反应以血清皮质醇的浓度升高为主;1年和3年以上冬泳者应激能力无差别,冬泳者冷习服建立需要一定的时间.     

Temperament and Brain Systems as Predictors of Assertive Communication Traits

Previous research has shown a relationship between measures of the big three (extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism) and similar validated measures (behavior activation scale, BAS and behavioral inhibition system, BIS) of activation and inhibition systems. The purpose of this study was to compare the extraversion (E) and neuroticism (N) measures with the BAS and BIS measures to determine how well they can predict an individual's assertive communication traits. Results of this investigation indicated that the E and N measures were substantially better overall predictors of assertive communication traits.     

Examining the Construct Validity of Enacted Support: A Multitrait–Multimethod Analysis of Three Perspectives for Judging Immediacy and Listening Behaviors

Scholars of supportive communication are primarily concerned with how variations in the quality of enacted support affect individual and relational health and well-being. But who gets to determine what counts as enacted support? There is a large degree of operational heterogeneity for what gets called enacted support, but little attention has been afforded to the issue of whether these assessments are substitutable. In two studies we use self-reports, conversational partner-reports, and third-party ratings of two quintessential behavioral support indicators, namely, listening and immediacy. Using a multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) design, Study 1 found (1) little association between the enacted support assessments and (2) a high degree of common method variance. A second study found moderate-to-high degrees of effective reliability (i.e., consistency of judgments within a set of judgments, or mean judgments) for enacted support evaluations from the perspective of unacquainted and untrained third-party judges. In general, our data provide cautionary evidence that when scholars examine evaluations of enacted support, perspective matters and might ultimately contribute differently to well-being and health.     

双材料Ⅱ型中心穿透界面裂纹奇异性研究

通过构造含有复奇异指数的新应力函数,利用复合材料断裂复变方法对正交异性双材料界面裂纹应力奇异性进行了研究.通过求解一类偏微分方程组的边值问题,推出了正交异性双材料界面裂纹尖端应力具有λ=-1/2的常数奇异性,λ=-1/2+ε的非常数奇异性,λ=-1/2+iε的常数振荡奇异性和λ=-1/2+c+iε的非常数振荡奇异性,并建立了四种奇异性下正交异性双材料Ⅱ型中心穿透界面裂纹尖端的应力强度因子的计算公式以及应力场和位移场的解析解.     

Ti60合金镦锻过程的有限元模拟

采用刚塑性有限元法,对Ti60合金锭坯镦粗过程进行了有限元模拟,重点分析了锭坯各部分应力、应变的分布变化规律.结果表明:锻锤对锭坯端面的温降有较大的影响,应尽量避免长时间接触,以免端表面塑性严重下降,产生裂纹,间断镦锻有利于改善镦粗效果;端面、表面是高应力区,是加工缺陷的多发区,尤其是端面与表面交界处同时又是高应变区,极易出现缺陷,倒角处理有缓解作用;端面附近存在较大的变形死区,需要在后续工艺改善该区变形量,换向镦拔可以提高锭坯整体的变形均匀度,有利于成品的综合性能.本文模拟结果可以为钛合金镦粗工艺设计提供参考.     

Short report Further efforts in validating a 'spurning scale' for teachers

The present study represents our continuing effort to validate a 'spurning scale' for teachers, based on a model on spurned helpers' reactions. Three approaches were used to examine the validity of the scale: the spurning scores of teachers working with more achieving students vs the scores of teachers teaching less achieving students. The relationships between the spurning scores and job satisfaction and turnover scores; and the relationships between the spurning scores and scores indicative of stress arising from interactions with one's students and supervisor. Serving teachers in Hong Kong responded to a questionnaire that contained the variables of interest. The results provided further evidence for the validity of the scale.     

Childhood neglect and increased withdrawal and depressive severity in crack cocaine users during early abstinence

Studies have shown that environmental factors, such as exposure to childhood maltreatment, might shift the course of addiction. Little is known, however, about whether childhood physical neglect (PN) influences the severity of withdrawal and depressive symptoms during the detoxification period. This is a 3 weeks follow-up study. The participants were divided into 2 groups: those with a history of PN (PN+) (n = 32) and those without a history of PN (PN−) (n = 48). Clinical variables were assessed with the SCID-I, BDI-II, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Addiction Severity Index and Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment. Depressive symptom assessments were repeated at three time points. Withdrawal symptom assessments were repeated at five different points following detoxification. A repeated measures analysis of covariance indicated that the PN+ group exhibited a significantly lower reduction in the severity of withdrawal symptoms compared to the PN− group (p < 0.05). Post hoc analyses showed that after 12 days of treatment, the severity of withdrawal symptoms in the PN+ group did not decrease in the same level as was observed in the PN− group. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between the severity of depression and the intensity of the abstinence symptoms during treatment. Patients who reported more depressive symptoms also exhibited more severe withdrawal symptoms. The ASI-6 indicated higher severity problems related to alcohol and psychiatric disorders in the PN+ groups. Our data support the role of childhood PN in the contingencies of the detoxification process of crack cocaine-dependent women.     

某型安装支架的疲劳寿命分析

某设备通过安装支架固定在飞机座舱中,在飞机大幅度、长时间的剧烈振动下,支架结构在薄弱点处发生断裂。采用Catia和UG对该设备及其安装支架建立三维模型,对设备装配的振动模态、安装支架的应力分布及安装支架尺寸对疲劳寿命的影响进行了分析和计算。计算结果表明,侧壁厚度对支架寿命影响很小,Z向振动是导致安装支架断裂的主要原因,断裂发生在Z向应力集中处。计算结果与故障现象一致。     

Stress and cognitive functioning in sport

This paper considers the relationship between stress and cognitive functioning and discusses some of the concepts and methods that may be adopted to examine the relationship between stress and sports performance. It considers only that literature that may be relevant to, or furthers, the understanding of sports performance under competitive stress. One of the most popular approaches has been to explain the relationship in terms of the unidimensional inverted‐U hypothesis. The validity of this approach to explaining sports performances in specific situations is discussed and it is generally concluded that the inverted‐U hypothesis is too vague and simplistic. The discussion considers multidimensional approaches and discusses the suitability and implications of some more recent and more complex models of stress and performance which are now available in the psychological literature. It is concluded that the relationship between stress and sports performance is an extremely complex one and involves the interaction between the nature of the stressor, the cognitive demands of the task being performed and the psychological characteristics of the individuals performing it.     

Determining factors in the adoption and recommendation of mobile wallet services in India: Analysis of the effect of innovativeness,stress to use and social influence

Potential for the use of mobile wallet is enormous and it is drawing attention as an alternative mode of payment worldwide. The present research aims to provide important insights into the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and UTAUT2 (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) models. This study develops a conceptual model to determine the most significant factors influencing user's intention, perceived satisfaction and recommendation to use mobile wallet. The research model included 206 responses from an online and manual survey in India. Our study tested the moderating effect of innovativeness, stress to use and social influence on user's perceived satisfaction and recommendation to use mobile wallet services. We found that ease of use, usefulness, perceived risk, attitude, to have significant effect on user's intention, which further influenced user's perceived satisfaction and recommendation to use mobile wallet services. We also determined the significant moderating effect of stress to use and social influence on user's perceived satisfaction and recommendation to mobile wallet services. This study provides an integrated framework for academicians to measure the moderating effect of psychological, social and risk factors on technology acceptance. It can also help practitioners by identifying important factors affecting user's decision, which further affects user's perceived satisfaction and recommendation to use mobile wallet services.