船舶适修性评估模型建立以及系统实现

通过分析船舶适修性的特征,总结船舶维修的难易指标,建立层次分析模型,计算各种评定指标的权值向量,通过专家打分法评估出船舶的适修性。利用计算机实现了评估功能,建立了系统。     

基础教育阶段学生书写教学刍议

书写教学作为语文教学的重要组成部分,在语文教学中起着非常重要的作用。但目前我国绝大多数学生的书写状况却不容乐观。面对这个现状,如何认识我国基础教育阶段书写教学的重要性,如何在基础教育阶段有效而正确地开展书写教学,就显得至关重要。它首先需要的是学校和教师观念的更新,其次是教师教学方法的改进,唯此,基础教育阶段的书写教学才会有新的进展。     

“材料现代分析测试方法”精品课程建设实践

精品课程建设对教学质量的提高和教学改革的推进起着重要作用。燕山大学“材料现代分析测试方法”精品课程建设借鉴了其他院校的经验,结合自身的资源和发展优势,在师资队伍建设、教学方法建设、教学内容建设、教学管理建设等方面取得了一定的成果,尤其是在网站建设、实践教学资源建设方面更是取得了实质性进展,为其他课程建设起到了带动作用。     

新时期高校学生组织发展瓶颈与对策分析

新时期学生组织在高校蓬勃发展,发挥着服务同学、帮助学校管理等作用,但在新的形势下,学生组织在发展的过程中也出现了一些问题,存在五个发展瓶颈,应该引起重视,并通过对学生组织的组织定位、人力资源开发、组织架构、活动开展和体制等方面进行改革完善,充分发挥其应有作用。     

2002-2009年国外机构仓储评价研究述评

机构仓储评价是指运用一定的方法对机构仓储从系统建设、内容组织、服务管理等方面进行多角度的评价,找出机构仓储在实践或服务管理方面的不足,以推动机构仓储向良性轨道发展的过程。其经过了评价先导期与评价实践期的发展历程,主要采用问卷调查法、观察研究法、层次分析法等研究方法。其评价指标为系统指标、内容指标和管理指标3个维度。评价内容包括相关者对机构仓储的认知态度及其存储行为评价、基于机构仓储的电子出版评价、机构仓储的自存档评价、机构仓储的系统化评价等。     

美国大学图书馆评价主体的研究

美国大学图书馆的评价主体可分为国家机构、行业协会、大学图书馆、第三方机构,不同主体在评价活动中的主要实施机构、具体评价内容、评价工具、评价方法有所不同,并且显现出各自的特点。图书馆评价可借鉴美国大学图书馆的评价主体划分方式,综合运用评价工具与方法,明晰评价机构的职责,构建全面的图书馆评价体系。     

Who is the expert? Construct and criteria validity of student and teacher ratings of instruction

In this article, we examine the construct and criteria validity of student and teacher ratings as indicators of instructional features. As parsimonious measures, student and teacher reports are frequently used to assess aspects of the learning environment. From a methodological perspective, however, both approaches have been questioned. Whereas student ratings are occasionally criticised as being undifferentiated and easily influenced by personal preferences, teacher reports are sometimes considered to be biased by self-serving strategies or teaching ideals. Instead of pitting one method against the other, our study aimed at establishing the specific value of each approach. The analyses draw on data from a German extension to the 2003 PISA assessment, in which 288 mathematics teachers and their students completed questionnaires using identical items to tap various aspects of instruction. Mean student ratings were computed for each class. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed specific conceptual structures for student and teacher ratings, with teachers elaborating on the use of tasks and methods, and students focusing on their teacher’s support in personal and learning matters. Three shared dimensions were also established: occurrence of classroom management problems, degree of cognitive autonomy during lessons, and tempo of interaction. Teacher/student agreement on these dimensions varied across constructs, with considerable agreement on classroom management, low agreement on cognitive autonomy, and no significant agreement on whether or not the interaction tempo was appropriate. Accordingly, correlations with external criteria (student motivation, teacher motivation, mathematical achievement scores, and characteristics of the tasks set in class) also varied across constructs. We conclude that student and teacher ratings are best suited to tapping different aspects of the learning environment, and recommend that care be taken in choosing a data source appropriate for the construct to be measured.

Foundation degrees

Despite numerous criticisms of the UK National Student Survey (NSS) institutional managers still strongly support its use in informing student choice, quality and assurance and quality enhancement activities. This article outlines a granular and nuanced benchmarking system for the NSS which provides both a ‘raw’ score (weighted student satisfaction score) and a normalised quotient (weighted student satisfaction quotient) to enable users to take a more considered approach to the absolute and relative strengths and weaknesses of individual course programmes.     

Farmers' Adoption of Soil Conservation Technologies: A Case Study from Osun State,Nigeria

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to determine the attitude of farmers towards erosion and the adoption of appropriate soil conservation technologies (SCTs). For the survey, farmers were selected from the communities Esa Oke, Elwure and Owode-Ede and Akoda in Osun State in Nigeria. In the first three communities farmers did receive training on soil conservation, in the fourth not. About 60 farmers were interviewed to obtain information on personal and socio-economic characteristics, awareness of environmental problems, attitude towards erosion control and experiences with SCTs. Statistical data analyses (analyses of frequencies, correlation, t-test, χ²-test) were made to examine possible relationships among parameters and the influence of factors on adoption.

Most respondents were advanced in years, responsible for large households and characterized by low levels of income and literacy. Soil erosion was seen as a problem confronting agricultural production only to a small extent. The adoption rate of SCTs was low, as only mulching, cover cropping, contour tillage and cut-off drainage were practised and often rejected. Low labour-demand, the availability of common equipment, low costs of application, ease of practice and compatibility with the existing farming system influenced adoption.

The observed positive correlation between level of education, knowledge of appropriate technologies, farming experience and the number of SCTs adopted emphasizes the importance for farmers of education and training. Strengthening agricultural extension agencies for capacity building is an important tool for improving soil conservation in Nigeria.

The paper clarifies with specific examples the causes of the low rates of adoption of available technologies, with a reduced impact of research and of efforts to achieve food security and sustainable production at village level.     

大学生化学学习自我效能感的调查研究

本文对大学生化学学习自我效能感进行了调查,并探讨不同性别和化学成绩的大学生在化学学习自我效能感上的差异以及化学学习自我效能感与化学成绩之间的关系,根据研究结果以及化学特点提出一些在化学教学课堂中培养高自我效能感的教学建议。