英语角情境下交际者身份构建的语用研究

身份对于每个交际主体而言都有着十分重要的意义。为了实现其期望的交际目的,说话人有意识或无意识地保护或牺牲着自己的身份并且对对方的身份体现出一种顺应或不顺应。本文以英语角这一常见的交际场所为背景,观察并分析中国英语学习者和以英语为母语的外教之间以及英语学习者之间交流的过程中交际双方对彼此身份的认同和顺应,并尝试从语言顺应的角度对跨群体交际过程做出解释。希望通过这一研究可以管窥身份和语用之间的关系。     

Gender differences in performance in mathematics at the end of lower secondary school in Italy

The paper deals with the investigation of gender differences in performances in mathematics for Italian students at the end of lower secondary school. The study is based on a new large-scale assessment test developed and administered by the National Evaluation Institute for the School System. Given the evidence in the literature which favors males, performances of female and male students are compared using different approaches. Scores proposed by educational experts based on item subgroups were considered, while a model-based approach was used within item response theory. The results revealed a significant advantage to males in overall performance, while no meaningful differences were observed with respect to item domain and type. An interpretable item map was developed crossing expert opinions with IRT abilities, and plausible proficiency levels were defined. According to the map-based student classification, a relatively lower percentage of females fell into the highest proficiency groups with respect to males.     

社会认同:和谐社会构建的社会心理保障

社会认同是社会学和心理学的一个重要研究领域。从纵向上分析,个体的社会认同主要由个体对某一社会群体及其价值观的认知度、理解度、归属感、支持度以及个体对该群体的责任等几个层次构成;从横向上分析,个体的社会认同经历了社会类化、社会比较和积极区分等过程。社会认同研究在很多领域取得了显著的成就,为探索不同社会背景下的社会认同及其有效建构路径提供了方法论、认识论的基础。在构建社会主义和谐社会的进程中,遵循"和而不同"的原则,辩证地运用社会认同理论的有关观点,可以为解决我国和谐社会构建中所出现的一些社会心理问题提供可资借鉴的思路。     

论全球化时代的政治认同

政治认同是政治秩序建构的基础,政治认同的程度决定着政治秩序的稳定性和有效性。认同度高,秩序的稳定性程度就高,有效性就好,否则政策就难以贯彻。因此,探索政治认同心理的构建对稳定政治秩序具有基础性的重要作用。     

Exit cards: creating a dialogue for continuous evaluation

This study explored the use of Exit Cards, which are formative evaluations of student knowledge and instruction undertaken at every class meeting. Its results are based on Exit Card data from two undergraduate research methods courses. Thematic analysis indicated that students used Exit Cards to communicate (1) what they learned, (2) challenges with course material, (3) experiences with peers, (4) requests for help, (5) challenges with coping, and (6) successes. While the present study is an initial exploration of the use of Exit Cards, it contributes to knowledge on the utilization of informal formative assessments.     

Environmental identity formation in nonformal environmental education programs

This paper explores experiences that remained salient in the memories of former participants in three nature-based programs in Colorado, five to forty years after childhood involvement. Interviews with program founders and staff, archival research, and observations of current activities provided an understanding of each program’s history, mission and educational approach. In this context, 18 former participants were interviewed about program experiences that they remembered and program impacts on their environmental identities and academic or career choices. Results were analyzed through the lens of social practice theory, which has significant implications for the design and evaluation of environmental education programs. Results showed that social practice theory is a useful framework for interpreting the development of a social environmental identity, but an ecological identity that forms through direct contact with the natural world is an important complementary concept.     

Learning,literacy and identity: ‘I don’t think I’m a failure any more’

The impact of participation in adult literacy programmes on learners’ identities is examined through an interrogation of their past and current experiences and the assessment of the effect of particular pedagogies. The findings show how learners’ positive experiences in their programmes had caused them to re-evaluate their previous understandings and enabled the construction of new identities as people that are able to learn. These changes had come about through the challenging of negative discourses, the creation of new figured worlds and imagined futures, and the use of a learning curriculum where learners’ experiences were utilized as positive resources.     

Children of the market: performativity,neoliberal responsibilisation and the construction of student identities

This paper draws on interview data gathered from a broader study concerned with examining issues of social justice, cultural diversity and schooling. The focus is on five students in Years 5 and 6 who attend a primary school located on the edge of a class-privileged area in outer London. The children are all high achievers who are very invested in doing well in school and in life within the parameters of neoliberalism. The paper examines the ways in which neoliberal discourses of performativity and individual responsibilisation permeate the children’s talk in relation to their understandings of education and their future, and their worth and value as students. Such examination enriches the findings of important research in this area that draws attention to the ways in which neoliberal discourses have become naturalised and taken-for-granted in what counts as being a good student and a good citizen. The paper problematises the individualism, competitiveness and anxiety produced by these discourses and provides further warrant for supporting students to identify, challenge and think beyond them.     

《大学生体育锻炼合格标准运行表》管理系统的设计与实现

本文主要针对《大学生体育锻炼合格标准运行表》的手工填写、计算、评定成绩存在较烦琐的重复劳动 ,不仅效率低 ,易出错 ,且透明度不够高等缺点 ,研究在计算机网络环境下利用现有的条件和设备 ,设计《大学生体育锻炼合格标准运行表》管理系统的实施方案。     

"脑死亡"的价值与挑战

脑死亡是由当代科学和医学技术进步给我们带来的一个全新问题，也涉及到复杂的经济、社会、伦理和法律等问题。脑死亡的提出意味着对于生和死的判别由经验转向了科学；凸显了大脑和心脏在人的生命系统和自我认同中的不同地位。在相当长的时期内，对于大多数社会成员来说，脑死亡标准不一定意味着对于心死亡标准的截然取代。而是将与其并存。脑死亡的实施提出了抢救生命的价值、代价和极限问题，将对生命终结标准的选择权和宣判权提出挑战，也将对人们通常的“孝”和“敬”等观念提出挑战。脑死亡的一个重要价值是有利于器官移植，而让生命以此种方式得以延续值得提倡。因此应当以一种更加开放的和进步的心态来积极推进有关脑死亡的立法。