“文化自觉”与教师教育研究的价值选择

长期以来,借鉴或采用西方教师教育研究的理念、经验和做法,已成为我国教师教育研究的基本范式,“文化殖民”现象普遍存在。由此,不仅造成基本国情、民族传统文化、本土教育资源等的“集体遗忘”,还造成研究者在价值选择上思维方式的单一、认识的片面、多元思想的消解。从后殖民主义、本土知识等的研究来看,我国教师教育研究必须要有“主体重建”,克服“民族化”或“西方化”二元对立的思维观念,强调“文化自觉”,摆脱文化帝国主义的束缚,走出一条中国的教师教育研究之路。     

Multiple‐Choice Tests and Student Understanding: What Is the Connection?

Instructors can use both “multiple‐choice” (MC) and “constructed response” (CR) questions (such as short answer, essay, or problem‐solving questions) to evaluate student understanding of course materials and principles. This article begins by discussing the advantages and concerns of using these alternate test formats and reviews the studies conducted to test the hypothesis (or perhaps better described as the hope) that MC tests, by themselves, perform an adequate job of evaluating student understanding of course materials. Despite research from educational psychology demonstrating the potential for MC tests to measure the same levels of student mastery as CR tests, recent studies in specific educational domains find imperfect relationships between these two performance measures. We suggest that a significant confound in prior experiments has been the treatment of MC questions as homogeneous entities when in fact MC questions may test widely varying levels of student understanding. The primary contribution of the article is a modified research model for CR/MC research based on knowledge‐level analyses of MC test banks and CR question sets from basic computer language programming. The analyses are based on an operationalization of Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Goals for the domain, which is used to develop a skills‐focused taxonomy of MC questions. However, we propose that their analyses readily generalize to similar teaching domains of interest to decision sciences educators such as modeling and simulation programming.     

“文化殖民”与中国教育发展战略选择

长期以来,借鉴或采用西方国家教育发展的理念与做法,已成为中国教育发展战略的基本选择。由此,不仅造成基本国情、民族文化、本土教育资源等的"集体遗忘",还造成思维方式的单一、认识的片面、多元思想的消解。从后殖民主义、本土知识的研究来看,中国教育发展战略的选择必须要有明确的"身份确定",克服二元对立的思维模式,摆脱文化殖民主义的束缚,走出一条中国式的教育发展之路。     

数字校园安全体系的研究与实现

在分析校园网安全现状的基础上,给出了数字校园安全体系模型,揭示了各种安全机制间的层次关系及其采用技术,并在此之上给出了一个安全解决方案,介绍了实现网络架构、访问控制、身份认证、安全管理系统几个关键技术.     

王安忆小说中的移民书写

外来移民(主要指来自国内各地的务工人员)对于上海的城市发展来说,是一股不可忽视的力量。可以说,上海百年来的发展史,其实就是一部移民史。作为上海作家,从创作初期开始,王安忆就一直关注着身边的这一特殊群体。自80年代的《鸩雀一战》、《好婆和李同志》到2000年的《富萍),王安忆的移民书写逐步体现出一种对上海由“认同”到“背离”的写作姿态。文章拟对这三部作品中的主人公小妹阿姨、李同志和富萍三个具有典型意义的移民人物形象进行分析,来梳理王安忆这种书写姿态的转变,以探寻这种转变背后所蕴含的丰富文化内涵。     

A narrative inquiry into the fostering of a teacher-principal’s best-loved self in an online teacher community in China

This study revolves around an organically lived online community of Chinese elementary teachers. The teachers shared their reflective journals and engaged in conversations with the facilitators and also with their peers. Following one participant’s postings over a span of thirteen months helped the research team to narratively explore how the teacher, through reflections and interactions with his other fellow community members, refined his personal practical knowledge and cultivated his best-loved self as a teacher-principal in a rural school in China that lacked learning resources. Highlighted in the discussions are how the participant integrated his personal being with his professional being and eventually became the teacher he wanted to be. This research study adds to the literature about teachers as agents of change. This knowledge contribution, among others related to technology, shows how professional development and the development of teacher identity can be promoted in online teacher knowledge communities. Implications for teacher education are also discussed.     

“侗不离酸”与侗家的民族认同

侗族嗜酸,侗酸种类繁多,醇香可口,有荤酸、素酸、腌酸、煮酸等等。侗族谈情说爱不离酸,婚俗不离酸,育俗不离酸,丧俗不离酸,"月也"待客不离酸,建房不离酸,于是嗜酸也就成了区分侗族与其他民族的一个边界,从而赋予"侗不离酸"具有民族认同的功能。     

美国“临床实践型教师教育”的教育实习模式探析

教师是一个类似于医学、护理或临床心理学的临床实践专业。为达成培养高效教师的终极目标,美国"临床实践型教师教育"聚焦实践性教育学环节,对教育实习的目标与内容、实习基地学校和指导教师的资格认证均作出了明确规定。为确保教育实习的成效,"临床实践型教师教育"强调相关主体应建立起支持性合作伙伴关系,并尝试搭建全国性的信息网络平台,从而形成具有整体性、连贯性的教育实习体系,以培养高效教师,满足教育需求。     

英语角情境下交际者身份构建的语用研究

身份对于每个交际主体而言都有着十分重要的意义。为了实现其期望的交际目的,说话人有意识或无意识地保护或牺牲着自己的身份并且对对方的身份体现出一种顺应或不顺应。本文以英语角这一常见的交际场所为背景,观察并分析中国英语学习者和以英语为母语的外教之间以及英语学习者之间交流的过程中交际双方对彼此身份的认同和顺应,并尝试从语言顺应的角度对跨群体交际过程做出解释。希望通过这一研究可以管窥身份和语用之间的关系。     

Gender differences in performance in mathematics at the end of lower secondary school in Italy

The paper deals with the investigation of gender differences in performances in mathematics for Italian students at the end of lower secondary school. The study is based on a new large-scale assessment test developed and administered by the National Evaluation Institute for the School System. Given the evidence in the literature which favors males, performances of female and male students are compared using different approaches. Scores proposed by educational experts based on item subgroups were considered, while a model-based approach was used within item response theory. The results revealed a significant advantage to males in overall performance, while no meaningful differences were observed with respect to item domain and type. An interpretable item map was developed crossing expert opinions with IRT abilities, and plausible proficiency levels were defined. According to the map-based student classification, a relatively lower percentage of females fell into the highest proficiency groups with respect to males.