Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation: An Approach/Avoidance Reformulation

The main purpose of this article is to advance an alternative perspective on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and in particular to examine critically the assertion that these processes are antagonistic such that the will to learn for its own sake is inhibited by the presence of extrinsic, tangible rewards and incentives such as school grades. The presumption of an antagonistic relationship largely depends on the theoretical perspective adopted. An alternative interpretation based on need achievement theory leads to distinctly different conclusions. Exploring this new perspective allows one to identify both the conditions under which intrinsic motives may coexist with extrinsic motives as well as to consider some of the means by which intrinsic motives and caring about learning can be stimulated in their own right in school settings.     

Managing physical education lessons: an interactional approach

Physical education (PE) lessons involve complex and dynamic interactive sequences between students, equipment and teacher. The potential for unexpected and/or unintended events is relatively large, a point reflected in an increasing amount of scholarship dealing with classroom management (CM). This scholarship further suggests that unexpected and disruptive events negatively impact on learning and can have deleterious effects on teacher health. Despite considerable potential for these kinds of events, many PE lessons occur in structured, organized ways. The broad purpose of this paper is to consider how classroom action becomes ordered in PE contexts. To this end, an interactional approach is put forward including the specific analytic concepts of directives, epistemic authority and deontic authority. To exemplify the approach, the micro-dynamics of a situation in which a group of students are building a human pyramid is examined. The examination draws attention to: how the teacher engages in a series of interactions with the students to move the sequence forward; how the students themselves achieve order through their interactions with one another; and how the characteristics of the activity help to organize the students' behaviors and limit possibilities for action. The discussion is located against a backdrop of current CM scholarship. Reference is also made to two aspects of social context: the increasing prominence of managerial discourse in educational arenas and the significance of student-centeredness in pedagogical theory. Both aspects appear to influence how order can be achieved in PE today. The analysis raises issues related to pedagogy, management and authority which are addressed in the final two sections of the paper.     

浅谈计算机辅助数学教学的优越性

随着计算机在校园的广泛应用,计算机辅助教学已经受到社会各界的普遍关注,本文从六个方面阐述了计算机辅助数学教学的优越性.     

对高等数学课程及教学改革的思考

针对目前高等数学课程教学中存在的主要问题 ,结合教学实际 ,对高等数学在教学观念、教学方法、教学模式、教学内容及教材建设等方面提出一些改革措施和意见     

略论激发学生学习数学的兴趣

兴趣是最好的老师。为引导学生对学习数学产生兴趣，教师应创设情境，诱发学生的学习兴趣；运用直观教学，培养学生的学习兴趣；引导学生动手操作，激发学生的学习兴趣；多用鼓励性语言，调动学生的学习兴趣。     

建构主义与数学教学

随着社会对人才数学修养的要求不断提高，传统数学教学的弊端日益显现出来，建构主义学习理论的许多观点和主张具有合理性，对数学教学的改革有借鉴意义。     

让学生学会做数学——课改下的数学教学新理念

新课标要求数学教学要让学生学会“做数学”,做数学”的目的最终是要让学生学会“数学化”。“做数学”的实质是把重点从“教”转向“学”,从教师的行为转向学生的活动,并且从感觉效应转向活动效应,使学生在数学的活动中感知数学、认识数学、体验数学和应用数学。     

论无权处分行为的效力与善意取得的适用

善意取得适用情况下的无权处分行为效力在理论以及实践中都是重要的问题,本文通过对两种观点的评析提出,为保持物权法和合同法整个法律体系的协调,必须坚持无权处分行为的有效性。     

论中小学生的数学观

中小学生的数学观包括数学知识观、数学学习观和数学自我概念。它是通过学生自身数学实践活动经验、教师的教学目标和过程以及社会文化与学校文化传统三方面交互作用的过程形成的。它对学生的数学学习行为、学习策略、动机与情感都会产生重要影响 ,从而对良好数学学习成绩的获得有重要作用     

五年制高职学生自主学力形成性评价的探索——以楚雄广播电视大学为例

21世纪，全新的评价体系将替代传统的考试。电大五年制高职生自主学力形成性评价是依据马列主义关于人的发展学说，贯彻素质教育主旨。针对彝族地区职业教育实际，探索改善电大五年制高职学生自主学力的形成性评价，在实践中激励、凸现学生的主体地位，促进其全面、和谐、健康发展。