情报响应的基础条件比较研究

在决策过程中,解决信息不完备的问题是情报工作的核心要义,通过情报基础建设来为情报任务响应做好准备,实现情报事业的可持续发展,是情报学术不可忽视的研究议题。本文基于前期相关研究对情报响应的基础条件内涵及其内容进行了基本界定,运用生态理念梳理了情报响应的基础业务系统机理,并对中美两国进行情报响应的环境要素条件和主体要素条件进行了比较分析,提出了实现我国情报响应持续发展的基础条件要求,具体包括:加强对科技信息资源建设以及跨领域信息资源的建设;创建具有中国特色的情报教育发展体系,打造情报人才多样化发展的情报教育培养模式;完善情报机构的管理与评价模式,实现情报基础条件对情报任务响应的持续支持。     

大数据情境下面向突发气象灾害应急决策的情报响应体系研究

[目的/意义]针对突发气象灾害应急决策的情报保障需求,构建了以大数据环境为基、情报技术为力、情报流控制为策、应急决策为标的新型情报响应体系。[方法/过程]本文详细阐述了面向突发气象灾害应急决策的情报响应体系中的整体框架与具体内容,分析了情报响应系统的运行机理。[结果/结论]该应急决策情报体系围绕情报的采集、组织、分析和应用等活动,对大数据环境下突发气象灾害的数据信息进行自动监测与挖掘,充分利用机器学习、自然语言处理等技术进行情报分析,从而为突发气象灾害的事前、事中与事后提供各种决策支持与情报服务。     

基于γ-散度的稳健有序误标记logistic回归

有序多分类方法已经得到了广泛研究。传统的有序多分类方法假设样本的类别标签是不存在误标记的。但是由于实际数据复杂以及人工经验有限,获得标记完全正确的样本是不现实的,因此,传统的方法就存在局限性。提出一种基于γ-散度的有序误标记logistic回归方法,在处理存在误标记的有序多分类问题时具有很强的稳健性,也就是说,当某一样本被错误标记时它对参数估计的权重小于其被正确标记时的权重。该方法通过最小化γ-散度构建模型,利用梯度下降算法求解模型,不仅具有很强的稳健性而且在模型中可以忽略误标记概率。模拟研究和真实数据分析都说明该有序误标记logistic回归方法在处理存在误标记的有序分类问题时效果很好。     

数字图书馆数据安全技术的新进展及应用研究

数据安全对数字图书馆来讲至关重要,不可或缺.本文对当前国内外数字图书馆的数据安全技术发展进行了追踪和研究,从图书馆数据安全技术最新进展、数据安全技术的具体应用策略二方面对当前数字图书馆的数据安全体系建设进行了全面构建,并对数据安全技术未来的发展进行了简要分析.     

The Concept of Record in Interactive, Experiential and Dynamic Environments: the View of InterPARES*

This article presents the concept of electronic record as articulated by the first phase of the InterPARES (International research on Permanent Authentic Records in Electronic Systems) Project (1999–2001) and discusses it in light of the findings of the second phase of the Project (2002–2006). While InterPARES 1 focused on records produced and/or maintained in databases and document management systems, InterPARES 2 examined records produced and/or maintained in interactive, experiential and dynamic environments. The authors describe the characteristics of these environments and of the entities found in them in the course of case studies conducted on systems used for carrying out artistic, scientific and e-government activities, and propose the new concept of record that InterPARES 2 is eleborating, which expands on that formulated by InterPARES 1.The authors would like to thank InterPARES 2 research assistant Randy Preston for his careful editing and constructive criticisms. Some of his suggestions have been incorporated in the text of this article.     

Turning a Service Learning Experience into a Model of Student Engagement: The Lighthouse Heritage Research Connections (LHRC) Project in Hong Kong

The digital shift has provided easy access to academic library users, and yet, the usage of archival collections continues to be low. At the same time, the need for innovation in library services for cultural heritage scholarship and its advancement is emerging. This paper outlines a library-led service-learning program that connects students with lighthouse artifacts, archival collections, scholars in global academia, and wider communities. Student engagement cases are provided to illustrate the way in which the librarian utilizes the Framework of Information Literacy for Higher Education by ACRL to work closely with students. These cases also demonstrate how students can contribute to knowledge creation and preservation efforts for a specific cultural heritage topic that is not static, but which keeps receiving new contributions or additions to the depository. Thus, this paper is an answer to the ACRL's call for pilot projects to be assessed and shared with the wider community of academic librarians and support staff. It also builds on emerging roles for academic libraries like engaged learning. Librarians must move beyond simply seeing themselves as partners. Instead, librarians should see themselves as prime facilitators that co-create and co-develop cultural heritage research and historical projects by connecting actors and resources more effectively than any single actor can do alone.     

Concept Relationships in Knowledge Organization Systems: Elements for Analysis and Common Research Among Fields

Knowledge organization systems have been studied in several fields and for different and complementary aspects. Among the aspects that concentrate common interests, in this article we highlight those related to the terminological and conceptual relationships among the components of any knowledge organization system. This research aims to contribute to the critical analysis of knowledge organization systems, especially ontologies, thesauri, and classification systems, by the comprehension of its similarities and differences when dealing with concepts and their ways of relating to each other as well as to the conceptual design that is adopted.     

Granularity of algorithmically constructed publication-level classifications of research publications: Identification of topics

The purpose of this study is to find a theoretically grounded, practically applicable and useful granularity level of an algorithmically constructed publication-level classification of research publications (ACPLC). The level addressed is the level of research topics. The methodology we propose uses synthesis papers and their reference articles to construct a baseline classification. A dataset of about 31 million publications, and their mutual citations relations, is used to obtain several ACPLCs of different granularity. Each ACPLC is compared to the baseline classification and the best performing ACPLC is identified. The results of two case studies show that the topics of the cases are closely associated with different classes of the identified ACPLC, and that these classes tend to treat only one topic. Further, the class size variation is moderate, and only a small proportion of the publications belong to very small classes. For these reasons, we conclude that the proposed methodology is suitable to determine the topic granularity level of an ACPLC and that the ACPLC identified by this methodology is useful for bibliometric analyses.     

Teaching skills of student teachers: Calibration of an evaluation instrument and its value in predicting student academic engagement

Student teachers are expected to develop their teaching skills sooner and more rapidly. However, a sound evaluation instrument that can be used to diagnose and monitor the skilfulness level to aid formative assessment of student teachers is still limited. This article is aimed to calibrate and validate a teaching skill evaluation instrument for use in secondary education. A total of 264 student teachers in the Netherlands participated in the study. Rasch and multilevel analyses were used. Results suggest that the evaluation instrument meets the restrictive assumptions of the Rasch model and has predictive value for academic engagement. This adds validation evidence and justifies the calibration of the evaluation instrument to be used for monitoring the development of teacher's teaching skills.     

Physical activity and nutrition guidelines to help with the fight against COVID-19

ABSTRACT

As the world is witnessing the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019, emerging genetics and clinical pieces of evidence suggest a similar immunopathology to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Staying at home to prevent the spread of the virus and consequently being largely inactive is associated with unintended consequences. These can actually enhance the infection risk and exacerbate poor health conditions including impaired immune function. Physical activity is a feasible way of improving health, particularly physical and mental health in a time of social isolation. However, people with certain health conditions in these circumstances may need a special physical activity programme in addition to any exercise they may already be performing via online programmes. This review aims to provide practical guidelines during the COVID-19 quarantine period. We suggest performing aerobic, resistance training, respiratory muscle training and yoga in the healthy, and in those with upper respiratory tract illness, patients with lower respiratory tract illness should be restricted to respiratory muscle training and yoga. In addition, vitamins D and C, omega-3 fatty acids, and regular consumption of fruit and vegetables might be considered as nutritional aids to support the immune system in those affected by COVID-19.