美国《高等教育法》的历史演变分析

美国自1965年颁布<高等教育法>以来,历经多次重大修改,各具特色.修改总趋势为,从确立联邦政府的教育责任,到完善联邦政府的教育投资.但是,后来的发展在一定程度上也背离了资助贫困,维护高等教育机会公平的立法宗旨.     

Influence of improved teaching practices on student satisfaction ratings for two undergraduate units at an Australian university

To track the quality of instruction delivered at the University of Western Australia, the university surveys all units using its Students’ Unit Reflective Feedback (SURF) metrics, and faculties use these metrics to benchmark student satisfaction. Consequently, teaching staff are actively encouraged to adopt teaching practices that will increase the average levels of these metrics. Using a ‘before-after’ approach, we compared these metrics before and after the implementation of improved teaching practices that addressed specific weaknesses identified through student responses for two undergraduate units. Despite the implementation of improved teaching practices, SURF scores did not increase significantly for the two units assessed, due possibly to the components of the academic programme covered by the SURF questions, the field-based nature of the units, and the difficulty in measuring an increase in the SURF scores of units which already score highly. This poor sensitivity of the SURF metrics to the implementation of improved teaching practices could have implications for their use for performance assessment by the university.     

Transient Responses of Flexible Non—uniform Spinning Shaft with Nonlinear and Asymmetric Supports

In this paper ,a hybrid approach was developed to investigate the transient responses of a multi-span non-uniform flexble spinning shaft with nonlinear and asymmetric supports.The non-uniform spinning shaft with variable parmeters was modeled as a Bernoulli-Euler beam column with sectional constant cross-section properties by the finite element method.The supporting stiffness behavior of the nonlinear supports was described as a piecewise-linear and asymmetric model.The equations of motion in the matrix form of a multi-span non-uniform spinning shaft with nonlinear and asymmetric supports were formulated using Hamilton‘s principle and the assumed mode method.As an example,a spinning rocket with many variable stiffness supports was numerically simulated by the direct integration method.The transient response and dynamic behavior of this rotate-dynamic system are analyzed.     

有效改变学生人格的心理技术干预途径与原理

澄清卡特尔等个性心理学家们当年理论的局限,纠正了对人格稳定性与可变性认识方面的长期误解。阐明人格中的诸多貌似本能情绪行为表现,实质上是后天形成的条件性情绪反应。用临床实例说明嫉妒、多疑、狭隘等消极人格多为此种情绪结构组成。以高校和中学心理咨询机构的临床干预成功事实为依据,阐明通过临床技术干预途径对学生实施快速人格修正的可行性。     

Multiple‐Choice Tests and Student Understanding: What Is the Connection?

Instructors can use both “multiple‐choice” (MC) and “constructed response” (CR) questions (such as short answer, essay, or problem‐solving questions) to evaluate student understanding of course materials and principles. This article begins by discussing the advantages and concerns of using these alternate test formats and reviews the studies conducted to test the hypothesis (or perhaps better described as the hope) that MC tests, by themselves, perform an adequate job of evaluating student understanding of course materials. Despite research from educational psychology demonstrating the potential for MC tests to measure the same levels of student mastery as CR tests, recent studies in specific educational domains find imperfect relationships between these two performance measures. We suggest that a significant confound in prior experiments has been the treatment of MC questions as homogeneous entities when in fact MC questions may test widely varying levels of student understanding. The primary contribution of the article is a modified research model for CR/MC research based on knowledge‐level analyses of MC test banks and CR question sets from basic computer language programming. The analyses are based on an operationalization of Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Goals for the domain, which is used to develop a skills‐focused taxonomy of MC questions. However, we propose that their analyses readily generalize to similar teaching domains of interest to decision sciences educators such as modeling and simulation programming.     

Agile administrative choreographies for multimode education at the University of Pretoria

This paper responds in part to a special edition of this journal (39/2) on dual-mode provision. We were concerned that contact providers might drift into distance education provision through extending campus-based online learning without first thinking through the underpinning implications of its administrative systems, an issue that was not addressed in the special edition. Proceeding from a pragmatic and constructivist perspective, while adopting a transactional orientation drawing on systems theory and hermeneutics, this paper focuses on the challenge for administrative staff and systems of the changing nature of provision in terms of both the underpinning learning and business models. Based on experience and reflection, we conclude that the move into dual- and multimode provision is inevitable and that this requires agility on the part of both administrative staff and systems that is often overlooked in planning and review processes.     

福建省游泳场馆游泳者风险管理问题研究

结合福建省游泳场馆游泳者现状,采用多种方法游泳者风险及游泳场馆溺死问题进行研究,旨在建立游泳场馆安全管理体系.研究结果表明,游泳场馆游泳者风险源包括23个风险因素,福建省游泳场馆游泳者面临12个主要风险因素,游泳场馆可以采用风险避免、风险控制、风险转移和风险自留四种方法应对游泳者风险.     

网络舆情中的政府回应策略分析

网络舆情是现实民意在网络空间的反映,政府对网络民意的反应事关政府的执政基础和执政能力。文章根据2009年地方政府应对网络舆情能力排行榜的数据,归纳并分析排名高低的原因,总结出一些规律性的经验教训,为政府应对网络舆情提供有效的理论依据,从而形成网络民意与政府工作的良性互动。