Subjective well-being in cultural advocacy: a politics of research between the market and the academy

This paper responds to a trend of contracting out subjective well-being econometrics to demonstrate social return on investment (SROI) for evidence-based policy-making. We discuss an evolving ecology of ‘external’ research taking place ‘between’ the academy and commercial consultancy. We then contextualise this as waves of research methodologies and consultancy for the cultural sector. The new model of ‘external between’ consultancy research for policy is not only placed between the University and the market, but also facilitates discourse between policy sectors, government, the media and the academy. Specifically, it enables seductive but selective arguments for advocacy that claim authority through academic affiliation, yet are not evaluated for robustness. To critically engage with an emergent form of what Stone calls ‘causal stories’, we replicate a publicly funded externally commissioned SROI model that argues for the value of cultural activities to well-being. We find that the author’s operationalisation of participation and well-being are crucial, yet their representation of the relationship problematic, and their estimates questionable. This case study ‘re-performs’ econometric modelling national-level survey data for the cultural sector to reveal practices that create norms of expertise for policy-making that are not rigorous. We conclude that fluid claims to authority allow experimental econometric models and measures to perform across the cultural economy as if ratified. This new model of advocacy research requires closer academic consideration given the changing research funding structures and recent attention to expertise and the contracting out of public services.     

人体协调性水平的测量方法初探──对“敲击实验”方式进行人体协调性评价的可行性研究

为了探索一条量化评价人体协调性水平的方法,本文以反映人体节奏感水平的“敲击实验”方式作为测量手段,对测量结果进行数据处理、分析后,认为用此测量方法评价人体协调性水平是可行的,并据此做出了初步的评价标准。     

沉默教学法概述及其评价

沉默教学法的"学习者中心"的观念深得各位教育学者的赞同。它提倡在课堂中教师尽量保持沉默,充当引导者的角色,把学习者作为课堂的中心。沉默教学法颠覆了以前"教师为中心"的观念。教师通过一系列课堂活动及辅助教具来激发学习者的想象力和创造性,通过同学间的互相交流来达到学习效果。作者通过一系列实例展示了沉默教学法在课堂中的具体运用,并分析了其利弊以及其对教学的启示。     

Decomposing trait and state variability in general and specific subjective task value beliefs

Expectancy-value researchers have theorized about the extent to which subjective task value components are more trait-like or more state-like. Using a bifactor representation of subjective task value data, the current study aimed to examine the degree of trait-state variation in general subjective task value, specific attainment value, specific intrinsic value, and specific utility value. The relations of both between and within components of the subjective task value constructs with academic self-efficacy beliefs were also examined. Results indicate that, in an undergraduate life science learning context (n = 169), the general subjective task value factor was the most trait-like of the subjective task value constructs. With respect to specific value beliefs, attainment value was composed of nearly equal amounts of trait and state variation, intrinsic value was composed of the largest amount of trait variation, and utility value exhibited the most state-like variation. Additionally, findings suggest that trait-like and state-like general subjective task value, trait-like specific intrinsic value, and state-like attainment value were positively associated with self-efficacy. Finally, we propose a model of trait- state dynamics in subjective task value.     

Forensic child sexual abuse evaluations: assessing subjectivity and bias in professional judgements

Objectives

Evaluators examining the same evidence often arrive at substantially different conclusions in forensic assessments of child sexual abuse (CSA). This study attempts to identify and quantify subjective factors that contribute to such disagreements so that interventions can be devised to improve the reliability of case decisions.

Methods

Participants included 1106 professionals in the field of child maltreatment representing a range of professional positions or job titles and years of experience. Each completed the Child Forensic Attitude Scale (CFAS), a 28-item survey assessing 3 forensic attitudes believed to influence professional judgments about CSA allegations: emphasis-on-sensitivity (i.e., a focus on minimizing false negatives or errors of undercalling abuse); emphasis-on-specificity (i.e., a focus on minimizing false positives or errors of overcalling abuse); and skepticism toward child and adolescent reports of CSA. A subset of 605 professionals also participated in 1 of 3 diverse decision exercises to assess the influence of the 3 forensic attitudes on ratings of case credibility.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 factors or attitude subscales that corresponded closely with the original CFAS scales: 2 subscales for emphasis-on-sensitivity and 1 each for emphasis-on-specificity and skepticism. Attitude subscale scores differed significantly by sample source (in-state trainings vs. national conferences), gender, years of experience, and professional position, with Child Protective Service workers unexpectedly more concerned about overcalling abuse and more skeptical of child disclosures than other professionals—a pattern of scores associated with an increased probability of disbelieving CSA allegations. The 3 decision exercises offered validation of the attitude subscales as predictors of professional ratings of case credibility, with adjusted R²s for the three exercises ranging from .06 to .24, suggesting highly variable effect sizes.

Conclusions

Evaluator disagreements about CSA allegations can be explained, in part, by individual differences in 3 attitudes related to forensic decision-making: emphasis-on-sensitivity, emphasis-on-specificity, and skepticism toward child reports of abuse. These attitudes operate as predispositions or biases toward viewing CSA allegations as likely true or likely false. Several strategies for curbing the influence of subjective factors are highlighted including self-awareness of personal biases and team approaches to assessment.     

Student Evaluations as Effective Indicators of Learning Outcomes：Evi-dence from Japanese University Students in English Language Courses

The term“student learning outcomes”refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilitiesthat students achieve during a course, and is typically assessed based on student evaluations conducted at the end of th...     

“即使 A,也 B”的认知层面

“即使A,也B”分为实言句和假言句两类,本文探讨了这个句式的认知层面.主观推测层面,“即使A,也B”这个让步转折句所反映的认识是0＜P{B/A}≤0.5,此时,实言句和假言句是一致的;客观反映层面,“即使A,也B”所反映的认识是：P{B}=1,P{B/Amin（B）}=1,此层面又分为两种情况,一为实言,P{A}=1;二是假言,P{A}=0或P{A}=0.5.说话人使用“即使A,也B”让步转折句,其目的是为了反映出大脑思维这两种不同认知层面所具有的不一致关系.     

论编辑的主体意识

编辑活动是知化信息为知识的文化建构活动，具有结晶人类思想成果和促进社会发展的导联、导向作用。而它的内在运行机制，则是编辑的主体认识活动。在编辑活动中，编辑凭借主体内在的意识对作者以文稿形式输入的信息进行识别、鉴选和评价。然后对之进行符合主体认识的加工整合和改造，以出版物形式输出。编辑活动的本质属性和功能特征，是以编辑的认识活动为内在机制的，是编辑主体认知的建构对象化外现。本文从文化建构的宏观背景和多重交织的社会关系格局中，探讨编辑主体意识的结构及其机制。     

The relationship between Physical exercise and high school student＇ s subjective well. being

为探索中学生参加体育锻炼的情况和主观幸福感的关系,采用体育锻炼量表、主观幸福感量表对中学生进行问卷调查,用T检验、方差、相关性分析中学生参加体育锻炼与主观幸福感的关系。结果表明,中学生主观幸福感在性别、家庭所在地和父母婚姻状况等方面存在着差异性;体育锻炼不同等级对中学生主观幸福感各个维度除在生活满意度上不存在显著性差异外,在其余四个维度上均存在高度显著性差异;中学生参加体育锻炼有利于主观幸福感的提高。     

The relationship between innovation and subjective wellbeing

Innovation should improve people's lives. The links made between innovation and subjective wellbeing (SWB) have, however, rarely been made. We use a representative survey of the British population and new primary data to explore the relationship between innovation and SWB. We show that creativity and SWB are correlated. This applies to questions related to self-reported creativity and for working in creative environments. More research is needed to determine the relative effects of each direction of causality in the relationship between innovation and SWB in the workplace and in life generally.