试论胡风的“主观战斗精神”理论

胡风的“主观战斗精神”是在对“主观公式主义”和“客观主义”的批判中建构起来的,其理论精髓是作家面对客观世界要表现出蓬勃高昂的人格力量和对客观世界进行改造、批判的战斗精神。它是在人民大众反帝反封建的斗争中产生出来的,它突出“实践”意识和行为,即作家只有在现实政治的第一线中才能体现自身价值。     

Correcting experience-based judgments: the perseverance of subjective experience in the face of the correction of judgment

Many of our cognitive and metacognitive judgments are based on sheer subjective experience. Subjective experience, however, may be contaminated by irrelevant factors, resulting in biased judgments. Under certain conditions people exert a metacognitive correction process to remedy such biased judgments. In this study we examine the proposition that even after a judgment has been corrected to avoid the biasing effects on subjective experience, subjective experience itself remains biased. We asked participants to judge the difficulty of anagrams for others. When they were aware of having been exposed to the solutions of some of the anagrams, they corrected their difficulty judgments for these anagrams. Despite this correction, their speeded choices in a subsequent task disclosed their biased subjective experience that these anagrams were easier to solve. Implications for the study of metacognition and for the educational domain are discussed.

汉语取舍句的预设问题

在现代汉语中,有几类常见的取舍句式,它们在语义的表达上有较大差异,这些差异与取舍句的预设有直接的关系。详细分析了这几类取舍句式的语义预设和语用预设,从中得出:除与预设直接相关外,取舍句式在表达上的差异还与取舍者的主观态度有密切的关系。     

双语活动课程与英语活动教学的比较

在双语活动课程实践过程中,实践者经常会产生疑问:双语活动课程与英语课活动教学有什么不同?从两者的细化目标,内容,以及评价三方面进行比较,我们可以得到明确的答案。     

To Read or Not to Read: A Qualitative Study of Students’ Justifications for Document Selection in Task-Oriented Reading

When navigating through the vast amount of information that we encounter in our everyday lives, we constantly make decisions concerning what information to read more closely and what information to disregard. Consideration of the relevance and trustworthiness of information sources facilitates those decisions. In the present study, we interviewed 25 upper-secondary students after they had selected documents to use in completing a task, and we asked them to justify their selections. A qualitative analysis of the interview data showed that students’ justifications could be related to (1) content relevance, (2) source features, and (3) prior topic knowledge. The results demonstrate that students are able to evaluate content relevance and source features as part of their document selection strategies but that perceived prior knowledge seems to influence both selections and justifications.     

How do we rate? An evaluation of online student evaluations

This paper analyses the popular RateMyProfessors (RMP) website where students evaluate instructors in higher education. A study was designed to measure (1) the awareness and utilisation of the RMP website, (2) the internal and external validity of the RMP ratings in measuring teaching effectiveness, and (3) variation in the above across disciplines. It is concluded that the category of ratings, created by the website, establishes an anti‐intellectual tone that manifests itself in comments about instructors’ personality, easiness of workload and entertainment value rather than knowledge attained.     

高速公路事件管理系统评价模型（英文）

为了评测高速公路事件管理系统的基本状况并发现其中的特别问题,提出了一种评价模型.首先使用专家评估法筛选了初始评价指标系,确定了81个指标和指标系的线性层次结构,如总目标层、子目标层、标准层和指标层.然后,在指标系各层模糊性特征基础上,用层次分析法和模糊聚合法得到指标层和标准层的权重及满意度.在分析总目标层和子目标层的关系过程中,容易发现子目标数量过多且有冗余性问题,并应用了偏最小二乘法进行解决.最后,介绍了一个结果已经得到认可并已用来指导新事件管理改进工程的应用实例,其结果验证了模型的可行性和有效性.     

Validity of students’ evaluations of teaching: Biasing effects of likability and prior subject interest

This study examined the validity of students’ evaluations of teaching as an instrument for measuring teaching quality by examining the effects of likability and prior subject interest as potential biasing effects, measured at the beginning of the course and at the time of evaluation. University students (N = 260) evaluated psychology courses in one semester at a German university with a standardized questionnaire, yielding 517 data points. Cross-classified multilevel analyses revealed fixed effects of likability at both times of measurement and fixed effects of prior subject interest measured at the beginning of the course. Likability seems to exert a substantial bias on student evaluations of teaching, albeit one that is overestimated when measured at the time of evaluation. In contrast, prior subject interest seems to introduce a weak bias. Considering that likability bears no conceptual relationship to teaching quality, these findings point to a compromised validity of students’ evaluations of teaching.     

The effect of switching to mandatory online course assessments on response rates and course ratings

Increasingly, student assessments of courses are being conducted online as opposed to administered in class. A growing body of research compares response rates and course ratings of courses evaluated online versus on paper. The present study extends this research by comparing student course assessments before and after the University of South Florida made online evaluations mandatory for all courses. This change only directly affected courses taught on-campus, as online courses were already being assessed online. However, we examine the effect of this change on courses taught on-campus and online, because we expect this change in policy to have differential effects. We hypothesise that by making online assessments mandatory for all courses, online assessments went from a novel method of evaluation to the norm; and, therefore, increased response rates for online courses, but had the opposite effect for on-campus courses. We find mixed support for our hypothesis.     

书籍装帧中过度设计的反思

中国书籍装帧行业快速发展的同时,也存在着的"过度设计"问题.文章阐述了书籍装帧中"过度设计"的概念、危害和体现;继而分析了导致书籍装帧中"过度设计"成因--设计师主观表现,并也提出了建设性意见:设计师做好与书内容的沟通工作;树立服务于读者和人性化设计的思想;设计师逐步提高自身的艺术品味和修养.倡导一种"朴素的中和之美",并将这一传统文化思想贯穿入书籍装帧设计中,即顺物自然,反对过多的雕凿和修饰.