Constructing normalcy: a qualitative study of parenting children with Asperger's Disorder

Children with Asperger's Disorder present unique challenges due to their impairments in social functioning. In order to better understand the experiences of parents of children with Asperger's Disorder, interviews were conducted with 20 parents. The interviews were taped, transcribed, and coded using the systematic methods of Grounded Theory. The central phenomenon of “constructing normalcy” emerged from the data as a salient construct for participants. Parents interviewed described a process of meaning‐making with respect to standards of “normalcy” and an effort to create adaptive environments for their children.     

Patterns of Nonverbal Adaptation in Supportive Interactions

This study seeks initial evidence for the patterns of nonverbal adaptation predictive of emotional improvement after a troubles talk conversation. A total of 128 dyads composed of two unacquainted individuals engaged in a 5-minute conversation about a stressful event, and the nonverbal behaviors of both the supportive listener and discloser were coded for immediacy. We detected a general pattern of matching between interlocutors, which was positively associated with disclosers’ reported emotional improvement above and beyond listener immediacy. Importantly, we found primary support for a discloser-matching model whereby emotional improvement is a function of disclosers matching highly immediate listeners but no support for a listener-matching model whereby emotional improvement is a function of listeners matching disclosers to signal empathy.     

父母教养方式对大学生攻击行为的影响:道德推脱的中介作用

采用问卷调查法,考察道德推脱在父母教养方式和攻击行为之间的中介作用。结果发现:(1)父、母情感温暖理解显著负向预测道德推脱、攻击行为;父、母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认显著正向预测道德推脱、攻击行为。(2)道德推脱显著正向预测攻击行为。(3)道德推脱在积极教养方式和攻击行为之间起部分中介作用;道德推脱在消极教养方式和攻击行为之间起部分中介作用。结果表明:父母教养方式除直接影响大学生攻击行为外,还通过道德推脱的中介作用间接影响大学生攻击行为。     

大学生父母教养方式、自尊与攻击行为关系研究

通过问卷法对江西省某大学的大学生进行调查,综合考察父母教养方式、自尊水平对大学生攻击行为的影响,发现:(1)大学生的父母教养方式存在不同程度的差异;(2)自尊水平存在性别和城镇与乡村差异;(3)总攻击行为存在性别差异;(4)大学生的父母教养方式、自尊水平、攻击之间密切相关。通过父亲惩罚、父亲拒绝、父亲偏爱、母亲拒绝四个因子和自尊水平可以预测大学生的攻击行为。     

构建和谐社会下农村父母教育观念之探索

采用半结构访谈法,在河南省农村选取114名被试,研究农村父母的教育观念及其特点。研究发现:(1)农村父母在教育观念上明显重男轻女,文化程度越低表现得越严重,母亲比父亲有更多的重男倾向。(2)仍然强调传统的孝道教育。(3)认为影响学业成就的因素有三个:遗传素质、环境教育和个人的主观努力,其中遗传素质起主要作用。(4)对子女学历的追求不高,对子女职业选择抱有较高的希望。(5)对好父母、好孩子标准的认识比较清楚一致。     

父母教养方式研究的新进展

父母教养方式是父母教养观念、教养行为及其对儿童情感表现的一种组合方式,反映了亲子交往的实质。本文从四个方面概括总结了该领域内研究的新进展:(1)研究范式从亲子单向决定观向亲子系统观转变;(2)研究方法从传统单一化向现代综合化转变;(3)研究内容从单纯类型化影响研究向影响教养方式的多因素研究转变;(4)研究重心由理论研究向应用研究转变。并就这些转变和已有研究带来的问题,提出了前景展望。     

婴幼儿家长高质量育儿素养测评

人生头3年胜过以后发展的各阶段。研究以“哈佛学前项目”总负责人怀特的《The First Three Years of Life》为内容依据,自编量表对105位婴幼儿家长进行测评。结果表明:（1）婴幼儿家长高质量育儿的知识与理念得分总体偏低。如平均得分40.6,60分以上仅占5.7%。（2）“依恋与情感发展促进”“个性与社会能力发展促进”“个体差异促进”等维度得分尤其低。（3）在“学习与注意力促进”上,学历高的家长得分显著高于学历低的家长。研究揭示测试中的婴幼儿家长高质量育儿知识与理念匮乏、婴幼儿家长育儿素养亟待引起重视。     

The ‘good’ parent in relation to early childhood literacy: symbolic terrain and lived practice

In this paper we consider the place of early childhood literacy in the discursive construction of the identity(ies) of ‘proper’ parents. Our analysis crosses between representations of parenting in texts produced by commercial and government/public institutional interests and the self‐representations of individual parents in interviews with the researchers. The argument is made that there are commonalities and disjunctures in represented and lived parenting identities as they relate to early literacy. In commercial texts that advertise educational and other products, parents are largely absent from representations and the parent's position is one of consumer on behalf of the child. In government‐sanctioned texts, parents are very much present and are positioned as both learners about and important facilitators of early learning when they ‘interact’ with their children around language and books. The problem for which both, in their different ways, offer a solution is the “not‐yet‐ready” child precipitated into the evaluative environment of school without the initial competence seen as necessary to avoid falling behind right from the start. Both kinds of producers promise a smooth induction of children into mainstream literacy and learning practices if the ‘good parent’ plays her/his part. Finally, we use two parent cases to illustrate how parents' lived practice involves multiple discursive practices and identities as they manage young children's literacy and learning in family contexts in which they also need to negotiate relations with their partners and with paid and domestic work.     

Changing cognitions in parents of two‐year‐olds attending Scottish Sure Start centres

The study examined how preschool intervention programmes set up by three Scottish local authorities changed parents’ cognitions. Quantitative parent outcomes were measured using Parenting Daily Hassles Scales (N = 88). A matched comparison group of parents (N = 55) recruited from the same areas of disadvantage but whose children did not attend the intervention programmes also completed questionnaires. Qualitative outcomes were evaluated using semi‐structured interviews (N = 30). A significant group × time interaction effect was found for daily hassle cognitions, Parenting Task–Intensity, Challenging Behaviour–Frequency and Challenging Behaviour–Intensity, with comparison group parents showing an increase in their experience of hassles during the ‘terrible twos’ compared with intervention group parents. Complementary qualitative data indicated that intervention group parents had gained valuable new insights into their children’s behaviour, changing how they thought about their role as parents and their behavioural and developmental expectations of their children. Implications for parental engagement in preschool programmes are discussed.     

Recognizing the Outliers: Behaviors and Tendencies of the Profoundly Gifted Learner in Mixed-Ability Classrooms

This article focuses on (a) distinctions between the profoundly gifted individual and others, and (b) a chart describing tendencies and/or behaviors associated with the profoundly gifted student in common, mixed-ability educational settings. The intent is to provide educators, parents, and policymakers with preliminary awareness about the unique behaviors and tendencies of the profoundly gifted learner in heterogeneous educational settings. Learners with measured IQ scores greater than 3 SD units above the mean are a statistical rarity—outliers—in most educational settings. The current inability of most educators to identify and even minimally address needs leaves these students anxious, frustrated, and otherwise unable to reach their intellectual capacity in the majority of school settings across the country. Focused research and careful attention to the nature and needs of these individuals throughout their lives can contribute substantially to our developing understanding.