基于虚拟环境的黄河仿真系统构建

虚拟现实的产生和发展无疑为加强地理科学研究提供了强大的手段和方法上的支持.本文从虚拟环境的角度出发,给出了一个黄河仿真系统的建设方案,它包括数据源、三维仿真地形库、三雏仿真模型库、三维仿真虚拟实现四大模块.然后详细探讨了黄河仿真系统的关键技术: ①通过对三维图形开发工具OpenGL的原理、实现功能等的分析,提出了在黄河仿真系统建设中OpenGL技术的具体应用实现方法,实现了实时动态漫游; ②基于MultiGen Creator的真实感三维模型建设; ③利用OpenGL和MO来实现三维场景与二维电子地图的互响应;这充分发挥了三维场景与二维电子地图各自的优势,有机地结合了三维虚拟场景的直观性、现实性、局部性和二维电子地图的宏观性、整体性、简洁性的优点,同时又克服了三维虚拟场景漫游的方向迷失感和二维电子地图的抽象多义性.     

Evaluating epistemic uncertainty under incomplete assessments

The thesis of this study is to propose an extended methodology for laboratory based Information Retrieval evaluation under incomplete relevance assessments. This new methodology aims to identify potential uncertainty during system comparison that may result from incompleteness. The adoption of this methodology is advantageous, because the detection of epistemic uncertainty – the amount of knowledge (or ignorance) we have about the estimate of a system’s performance – during the evaluation process can guide and direct researchers when evaluating new systems over existing and future test collections. Across a series of experiments we demonstrate how this methodology can lead towards a finer grained analysis of systems. In particular, we show through experimentation how the current practice in Information Retrieval evaluation of using a measurement depth larger than the pooling depth increases uncertainty during system comparison.     

The social structure of entrepreneurship as a scientific field

Entrepreneurship as a scientific field has grown significantly, irrespective of the measures used. In this article we raise the question: How can we understand the evolution and success of entrepreneurship as a scholarly field? In particular, we focus on the social structure of entrepreneurship scholars to explain (1) how they are becoming integrated into larger scholarly communities and (2) how they differ from the way scholars integrate within the field of innovation studies. Based on a unique database and responses from 870 entrepreneurship scholars, we demonstrate that entrepreneurship can be regarded as a phenomenon-driven field bound together by a shared communication system and social interaction rather than strong theoretical influences, i.e., a social scholarly community. We identify two broader social communities; one embedded in entrepreneurship conferences that includes a rather eclectic group of entrepreneurship scholars, and another related to entrepreneurship journals and entrepreneurship economics, characterized by a stronger domain orientation. In contrast, scholars in innovation studies tend to be more theory-driven and are bound together by their disciplinary and theoretical background, i.e., an intellectual scholarly community.     

同构型知识基础合作研发伙伴的优势

在专利竞赛的压力下,企业普遍选择知识基础多元化、网络化路线。基于汽车产业1999—2010年专利数据和负二项混合回归模型的实证研究表明,企业自身知识基础多元化与创新产出正相关,而自身知识基础网络密度与创新产出负相关;合作研发伙伴知识基础多元化正向调节自身知识基础多元化,合作研发伙伴知识基础网络密度正向调节自身知识基础网络密度。同构型合作研发伙伴有利于企业自身吸收能力的释放,对于提升其创新产出更有优势。     

关于我国智库人才创新管理与培养的研究

通过文献分析法、实证分析法对国内外的智库及智库人才发展现状进行分析研究。目前我国智库人才方面存在以下几个问题:第一,智库人才学科背景、研究方向、工作经历等相对单一;第二,智库人才配置上缺少明确分工设置;第三,缺少智库人才的培养机制及交流平台;第四,智库人才聘用机制不够灵活。结合国内外智库人才配置情况,提出六点建议:(1)优化智库人才结构,建立具体分工机制;(2)打造学科专业多样化的智库人才队伍;(3)搭建人才交流平台;(4)创新智库人才管理机制及聘任机制;(5)完善智库人才评价体系;(6)设立知识库等专门的信息采集部门。以期能够实现我国智库人才的创新管理与培养,促进智库发展及建设,更好地解决我国各方面发展改革中所面临的问题。     

科技期刊论文创新点合理呈现的价值及理想模式

【目的】 揭示科技期刊论文创新点表达存在的问题,指出其合理呈现的价值、方式和基本要求,为科技论文学术观点展示、学术水平提升和学术价值实现提供借鉴。【方法】 充分搜集科技期刊例文,并结合相关研究成果分析总结创新点呈现情况,建立创新点呈现的理想模型。【结果】 科技期刊论文创新点呈现比较普遍,但不少论文的创新点在文内分布不合理,内容表达的针对性、适切性和层次性不强,不符合科技期刊的规范要求。【结论】 创新点合理呈现能够有效提高学术论文的写作、审理、传播、利用的质量和水平;创新点必须合理分布于论文各相关部位,并按各部位职能层次分明、各有侧重地配置创新内容,才能使创新表达更为科学和高效。     

产学研金合作共生要素对企业创新绩效的影响

基于共生理论,从共生单元、共生模式和共生环境三个维度分析产学研金合作的共生要素,并提出合作共生要素对企业创新绩效影响的研究假设,以生物制药、化工、电子和机械设备等多个不同领域的376家企业为研究对象进行实证分析,利用结构方程模型对研究假设进行验证。研究结果表明,产学研金合作共生要素中,对企业创新绩效影响最大的要素为共生模式,其次为共生环境,影响程度最弱的为共生单元。针对研究结论提出企业创新绩效提升的建议。     

The interplay of cognitive and relational social capital dimensions in university-industry collaboration: Overcoming the experience barrier

The use of university-industry collaboration in the innovation process is viewed as a major driver of firm competitiveness. The organizational dynamics underlying successful external relationships, however, remain poorly understood. Using longitudinal case studies of 15 innovation projects, we examine how firms with varying degrees of experience in collaborating with universities and public research organizations rely on different social capital dimensions to achieve successful collaborations. We find that experienced firms establish external collaborations on the basis of cognitive social capital, but this basis is reinforced by relational social capital over time. Conversely, less experienced firms initially base their university collaborations on relational social capital, which is reinforced by cognitive social capital over time. Based on these findings, we theorize on the interplay of different dimensions of social capital in university-industry collaborations over time. Our study has important implications for the management of collaborative innovation projects. In particular, it provides guidance to enable less experienced firms to develop successful collaborations with university partners.     

National institutions, public-private knowledge flows, and innovation performance: A comparative study of the biotechnology industry in the US and France

The biotechnology industry is a striking example of the disconnect between the location of knowledge creation and its commercial development. I argue that national technological performance in biotechnology is critically affected by institutions governing scientific careers, which shape the professional identities and boundary-spanning activities of research scientists. I test this in a comparison of the United States and France. Drawing on fieldwork and analysis of patent data, I compare institutional frameworks and estimate models of forward patent citations. The models show that entrepreneurial firms are associated with high-performing innovations in this sector whereas large established firms perform poorly in both countries, and highlight the importance of institutions in creating country-specific combinations of human capital with organizational capabilities.     

Exploring the adoption process of personal technologies: A cognitive-affective approach

The impact of cognitive and emotional factors on the customer's decision to adopt a new technology has long been at the core of innovation and marketing literature. Today, the proliferation of personal technologies makes the understanding of the adoption process of such innovations a vital issue. This article, moving from long-established technology adoption theories, integrates affective factors to propose a comprehensive framework to interpret and orient innovation and marketing approaches of companies. To do this, we review a rich literature from the domains of management, information systems, marketing and cognitive psychology, identifying six possible sources of perceived value for personal technologies, hence attitude to adopt them: functional value, monetary value, social value, entertainment value, epistemic value and aesthetic value. After defining and framing them in the extant literature, we discuss how the framework may be adopted in practice to support Companies' strategies in the surprisingly under-explored industry of personal technologies.