论死刑核准权的回归与死刑复核程序的完善

死刑核准权和死刑复核程序再度成为理论界和实务界关注的焦点。现有的死刑复核程序造成了我国部分高院在适用法律上的不平等。最高人民法院应该取消高级人民法院的死刑核准权，应该将死刑核准权收归最高院，从而实现在死刑问题上全国标准的统一。     

针灸治疗黄竭斑研究进展

综述了近年来国内有关针灸治疗黄褐斑临床研究的文献,整理了针灸治疗该病的各种方法,分析了目前存在的利与弊.     

Drop-outs from Swiss Universities: an empirical analysis of data on all students between 1975 and 2008

This study presents in-depth empirical analyses of drop-outs from all Swiss universities for the entire student population between 1975 and 2008. The results show that most identifiable factors associated with a greater or lesser probability of dropping out are identical to those found in a recent Systematic Review (Larsen et al., 2013). The main findings are that: first, since the 1970s, there has been a marked trend towards falling drop-out rates which is largely due to female students who, today, have lower drop-out rates than their male counterparts; secondly, not only are there different drop-out rates for specific subjects of study, but there are also differences in baccalaureate profiles, which indicates that the skills acquired prior to entering university have a great impact on successful study; thirdly, students who change their first subject choice are at great risk of dropping out. No firm conclusions can yet be drawn about the Bologna reform but, based on the subjects which changed to the Bachelor/Master system between 2001 and 2003, no reduction in drop-out rates can be found as a result of the reform.     

中国高等教育自学考试研究30年：回顾与反思

高等教育自学考试制度创立30多年来,涌现出大量的研究成果,主要对这一制度的产生、发展、本质、功能、考生、社会助学、教育教学、国家考试,以及农村自考等方面进行研究,形成了一个专门的研究领域。自学考试既是一种国家考试制度,又是一种教育形式,也是一种以学习者为主体的自主学习制度。学术界对自学考试制度的认识正不断趋于科学化。自学考试制度产生了真正意义上的宽进严出的开放教育,推进了我国高等教育多样化,使宪法赋予人们的受教育权得以广泛体现,促进了社会资源特别是教育资源的优化配置。学者们特别强调自学考试的社会功能和教育功能,而从以人为本的视角对考生发展功能的研究较为薄弱。目前,自学考试制度研究范式中存在着研究方法失衡,呈单一化倾向,尤其缺乏哲学的反思与批判。自学考试制度研究主要有两大趋向,一是从终身教育层面,对学历教育和非学历教育并重,把自学考试放在终身教育立交桥这个大系统中进行研究;二是从自学考试层面,树立以什么样的质量观来评价高等教育自学考试质量。     

创造性思维在写作训练中的运用

本文针对高校基础写作教学中重理论轻训练的倾向,提出了把创新性思维引入写作课堂的设想。通过举例剖析论证了这一方法的必要性与可行性,详细列举了该方法的训练内容、步骤、体系及成效等,对高校写作教学改革进行了尝试与探索。     

土地系统研究的方法探讨

系统方法是土地系统研究的基础方法。整体性原则、综合性原则、等级层次性原则和动态性原则是土地系统研究所依据的原则。土地系统研究的过程可概括为协调（具有两重含义——平衡和优化）、综合以及环境意识。土地系统研究的方法的核心是基于系统科学的基本原理针对土地系统研(系统方法、协调、综合、环境意识、模型体系     

“How are running shoes assessed? A systematic review of characteristics and measurement tools used to describe running footwear”

Background: Many footwear characteristics are argued as risk factors for running related injuries (RRI). Several footwear assessment tools are available; however, their use in studies of RRI is unknown. Objective: This systematic review evaluated the characteristics and methods of assessing footwear in studies of RRI. Design: Five online databases were searched for studies on adult runners, in running style footwear, who experienced running-related pain or injury. The methodological quality of included articles was independently assessed by two raters using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Study and participant characteristics, footwear assessment tools used, and footwear characteristics reported were extracted for qualitative synthesis. Results: Twenty-four articles were included in the review. Low risk of bias was determined for 11 (44%) of the included studies. Twenty-eight different footwear characteristics were grouped into four categories: nomenclature, measurements, qualitative features, and subjective features. Fifteen different methods for assessing the 28 footwear characteristics were reported among the included studies. Only three methods were described previously, as valid and reliable. Conclusion: Differences in assessing footwear may mask the link between footwear characteristics and injury risk. Systematic footwear assessments and nomenclature are needed to evaluate the effects of footwear characteristics on RRI.     

中国渔业资源养护与管理的法律制度评析

我国渔业资源养护与管理的基本法律制度初步形成于20世纪80年代后半期,90年代中期以来有所调整和加强,在基本立法上已经形成了较为完整的制度体系,并在渔船削减和禁渔措施方面取得了一定的成效,但仍存在法制不完善、现有制度未能全面执行的问题:①《渔业法》配套行政立法滞后;②部分已经实行的养护和管理措施尚未有立法予以规范;③现有的渔具限制、幼鱼保护等措施未能得到有效执行;④捕捞产出控制和渔业资源分配制度缺失,仍主要依靠捕捞投入控制和技术管理措施;⑤捕捞准入制度、捕捞统计管理制度等重要的基本制度缺乏。我国渔业资源养护与管理的法制建设,既需要加强现有制度的实施性立法,也要注重基础管理制度的完善,更为重要的是加强执行。建议:①严格执行现有较为完整的管理制度,特别是渔具数量、规格限制管理和幼鱼保护技术措施,并加强《渔业法》配套立法,提高《渔业法》的可执行性;②加强基础制度建设,特别是捕捞统计数据监督与核实制度、适合我国国情的渔业资源分配制度。     

构建高校系统化就业格局的思考与实践

高校毕业生就业面临着巨大的压力。破解毕业生就业难题,首先要建立起系统化就业格局的整体框架,构建全员、全过程、全方位的就业工作格局。以教育教学改革、实践教育、思想政治教育、生涯规划教育、素质教育为系统化就业的根本点,充分发挥校友资源、营销推广、自主创业、就业服务等策略的作用,形成高校系统化就业格局。     

论我国保健食品的研制与开发

本文对近年来保健食品研究、开发和生产情况,尤其是保健食品中功能因子的研究进展作了综述。并针对我国保健食品的现状,结合有关保健食品的定义及国际上保健食品研究领域的介绍,就我国保健食品研制与开发思路进行了探讨。