Sin1-mediated mTOR signaling in cell growth,metabolism and immune response

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase with essential cellular function via processing various extracellular and intracellular inputs. Two distinct multi-protein mTOR complexes (mTORC), mTORC1 and mTORC2, have been identified and well characterized in eukaryotic cells from yeast to human. Sin1, which stands for Sty1/Spc1-interacting protein1, also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) associated protein (MAPKAP)1, is an evolutionarily conserved adaptor protein. Mammalian Sin1 interacts with many cellular proteins, but it has been widely studied as an essential component of mTORC2, and it is crucial not only for the assembly of mTORC2 but also for the regulation of its substrate specificity. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the structure and functions of Sin1, focusing specifically on its protein interaction network and its roles in the mTOR pathway that could account for various cellular functions of mTOR in growth, metabolism, immunity and cancer.     

关于民航运输类“1+X”证书开发与实施的思考

"1+X"证书制度的建立与实施是当前职业教育领域的一项重要改革任务。现代交通运输是当前国家正在试点推进的十个领域之一。文章对民航运输类专业现有职业资格证书情况进行了梳理,并就未来"1+X"证书的开发与实施提出了几点思考。     

Validity of acute phase proteins and trace metals as adjuncts in viral hepatitis A and B

The level of seven acute phase proteins was estimated together with copper and zinc in two groups of 15 children each suffering from hepatitis A (HAV) or Hepatitis B (HBV). The mean concentration of α-1 antitrypsin, α-2 macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, C3 and copper was increased uniformly in both the types of viral hepatitis. α-1 acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin and zinc levels were decreased in both the infections. A significant decrease in albumin level was observed in HAV while the decrease was not significant in HBV. All the paramenters were repeated after one month on the day of discharge following the disappearance of clinical signs and symptoms wherein the haptoglobin level returned to normal in HAV. No change was observed in the level of other acute phase proteins. The level of the trace elements returned to normal. The observed increase in the levels of acute phase proteins at the onset does not seem to have any significant relation to the subsequent course of the disease. However, the level of acute phase proteins and other biochemical parameters may indicate a delayed biochemical recovery phase in conjunction with the underlying hepatic pathological changes in the course of viral hepatitis in spite of clinical recovery.     

高致病性禽流感正在给人类带来严重威胁

高致病性禽流感是由高致病性禽流感病毒所引起的禽类烈性传染病， 发病急，传播 快，致死率高，对养殖业可造成致命性的打击。在1997年香港禽流感事件中，H5亚型高致病 性禽流感病毒因其首次突破了种间障碍，引起了全世界的震惊。虽然该事件无法与以往的人流感的大流行或禽流感的大暴发相比，但却拉开了禽流感病毒直接感染人并致人死亡的序幕 。不幸的是，H5亚型高致病性禽流感自2003年12月在韩国首次暴发以来，目前已遍及亚洲十 余个国家及地区，并在越南和泰国发生了人类感染并致死亡的事件。我国自2004年1月27日 在广西报道高致病性禽流感以来，至今已在十余个省市陆续发生，形势非常严峻。 因此，对禽流感病毒的种间传播及致病机制、流感病毒的分子变异机理、新 型流感病毒的预测、禽流感病毒的快速诊断及人用疫苗的研制等方面开展系统、深入的研究 迫在眉睫，为从根本上控制和防治禽流感提供理论依据和技术支撑。本文同时叙述了人感染 H5亚型高致病性禽流感的临床发病情况和日常预防措施。     

极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)藻蓝蛋白基因的克隆及其同源性分析

藻蓝蛋白是红藻和蓝绿藻中一种重要的捕光色素蛋白．克隆了编码极大螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白α和β两个亚基的基因，序列分析表明该基因全长为1119bp．β亚基基因位于α亚基基因上游，两个亚基基因序列长度分别为519bp和489bp，中间被111bp的基因片段间隔．除编码α和β两个亚基的开放阅读密码框外，还存在两个潜在的开放阅读密码框，但这两个密码框的意义还不清楚．比较了该藻蓝蛋白氨基酸序列和来自于其他藻类的藻蓝蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性以及藻蓝蛋白α和β两个亚基之间氨基酸序列的同源性，总的来说其同源性在45．9％．99％之间，α和β两个亚基氨基酸序列同源性为27．1％．藻蓝蛋白包含许多疏水性氨基酸，这些疏水性氨基酸在藻胆蛋白的聚集过程中起着极为重要的作用．分析表明编码藻蓝蛋白α和β两个亚基基因的密码子显示出非对称性．     

两个先天性遗传型聋哑家系的遗传分析

报道了两个先天性聋哑家系。这两个家系中的先天性聋哑属常染色体隐性遗传，且有两对基因控制。只要有一对基因隐性纯合时，即可患病。     

张北县1∶1万大比例尺土地利用遥感调查的试验研究

基于SPOT-5 2.5 m高分辨率遥感影像等数据资料,该文探讨了开展大比例尺土地利用遥感调查的技术路线,进行了张北县大比例尺土地利用遥感调查的试验研究.调查结果表明:2002年张北县土地总面积为424 425.36 hm2,共包括37种土地利用类型,总图斑数是57 193个.其中,旱地、天然草地和有林地分别占全县土地总面积的43.77%、26.31%和7.76%,是该县的主要土地利用类型.与同期1:5万土地利用调查相比,1:1万大比例尺土地利用调查得到的结果更为精确,得到了荒草地、裸土地、裸岩石砾地和苇地等在1:5万土地利用调查中所不能表达的零碎图斑,说明与以往调查相比,该调查结果可以为土地管理决策和进一步的科学研究提供更为准确的信息支持,证明该文设计的应用高分辨率遥感影像进行1:1万土地利用调查的技术路线是正确的,对于今后类似的土地利用调查具有一定的指导意义.但是,通过该试验研究得知,目前试行的<全国土地分类>还不甚完善,为满足大比例尺土地利用遥感调查的要求,<全国土地分类>仍须进一步修订.     

中药制剂通心络抗家兔动脉粥样硬化实验研究

目的　用高胆固醇饲料复制动脉粥样硬化模型,观察通心络生药对家兔动脉粥样硬化的预防作用,并探讨其对血脂和血管细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)mRNA表达的影响.方法　选30只雄性健康家兔,随机分为三组:①对照组10只,喂以普通饲料;②高胆固醇组10只,喂以含1.5%胆固醇的饲料;③通心络组10只,喂以含1.5%胆固醇的饲料和通心络生药0.72g/(kg·d).12周后测定:①血脂;②主动脉内膜/中膜厚度比值及斑块面积;③RT-PCR法检测主动脉中VCAM-1mRNA表达的水平.结果　通心络组和高胆固醇组的血清总胆固醇水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),通心络组低于高胆固醇组(P<0.05);通心络组主动脉内膜/中膜厚度比值、斑块面积和主动脉VCAM-1mRNA表达量均低于高胆固醇组[(0.57±0.06)vs(1.06±0.09),P<0.01;(38.93±3.42)%vs(71.75±3.82)%,P<0.01;(0.59±0.15)vs(0.91±0.18),P<0.01].结论　通心络具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用,可降低血脂和主动脉组织VCAM-1mRNA的表达.     

Idiopathic Fetal Growth Restriction: Repercussion of Modulation in Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the causes involved in idiopathic fetal growth restriction (IFGR). However, the exact relationship between oxidative stress and IFGR is not understood. This study aimed at understanding the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in IFGR materno-fetal dyads and matched controls. 75 materno-fetal dyads with IFGR were enrolled with equal number of normal low risk controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured as marker of oxidative stress, while paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum were measured as markers of antioxidant status. MDA levels were increased in both maternal and cord blood of IFGR neonates as compared to controls (p < 0.001). TAC of serum were found to be decreased in IFGR (both maternal and cord blood) as compared to controls (p < 0.001; p < 0.05, respectively). PON1 activity was found to be decreased in the IFGR mothers while it was found increased in IFGR cord blood (p < 0.01; p < 0.001)). IFGR is a state of increased oxidative stress. Decreased PON1 enzymatic activity in mothers is also associated with IFGR.     

系统生物学的现状与展望

作为生物学的一个新领域,系统生物学的兴起及发展为研究生命活动提供了一个全新的思路和方法,它将各种组学的方法综合起来,通过高通量的实验手段,从转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组等方面多层次、全方位地对生物体内的生命活动进行检测,同时利用生物信息学的方法和手段对相关的数据进行分析及整合,并在此基础上,对相关的生命活动进行模拟,以期系统地研究和阐明生命活动的规律。本文简单介绍了系统生物学的现状,研究的内容及方法,并对今后的发展提出了一些想法。