Sharing teacher knowledge at scale: teacher inquiry,learning design and the representation of teachers’ practice

Sharing teachers’ professional knowledge remains challenging. Teachers’ development often remains ad hoc or local, and attempts to scale this up have proved problematic. To address this, research in areas such as ‘learning design’ has explored the use of formal representations of practice. This proposes that educational practice can be improved by documenting, sharing and building on what teachers already do. Whilst this has led to some successes, it has not resulted in the widespread transformation of practice. This paper reviews the literature about sharing teacher knowledge. The challenges of scaling up development are then considered in relation to two theories that help explain the challenges: Communities of Practice and Sociomateriality. This analysis is illustrated through case studies in Norway and the UK. These show that teachers already create and share artefacts that represent their pedagogic knowledge. However, they found formal representations, such as learning designs, difficult to work with. The paper concludes that scaling up teacher development using abstract formalisms is unlikely to succeed. Instead, teachers value stories and the materials they already create in their day-to-day practice. It is this intermediate level of representation, between direct experience and formal abstraction, that offers the most promise for sharing practice.     

当代西方教师专业学习共同体的理论与实践

随着教师专业化发展和不断提高教育质量的迫切要求,当代西方专业学习共同体理论也应运而生。在历经了共同体理论、学习型组织理论、学习共同体理论之后,教师专业学习共同体理论也逐渐完善,并在促进教师专业发展的实践中产生了非常积极的作用。成功的专业学习共同体不仅具有共享和支持性的领导、共同的价值观和愿景、共同学习和应用、共享的个人实践、支持性条件等五个特征,而且还具有专注于学习、合作的文化、聚焦于成果等基本理念。     

我国本科层次教师教育专业人才培养方案研究

通过对30所院校的192份本科层次的教师教育专业或师范专业人才培养方案的分析发现,当前师范专业培养人才的类型、胜任工作类型和适于任职单位都呈现出多样化特点;不同培养方案对培养目标和培养规格应该包括哪些内容没有形成一致的意见;培养方案对教师培养的认识存在差异,尤其是对未来教师需要掌握哪些知识、能力、职业道德存在不同的理解,对未来教师是否需要掌握这些内容也有不同的认识;培养方案没有借鉴当前教师培养、教师知识的研究成果。本研究对培养方案的改进提出建议。     

教师培训与教师职业幸福感培养——以2010年“国培计划”河北省中小学骨干教师培训为例

教育是心灵的事业,教师职业应当是一种幸福的职业。影响教师获得幸福感的因素很多,其中最重要的是职业成就。教师如果能在和谐的氛围中尽情地展示自身的价值,并获得国家、社会、学校、家长、学生的重视与尊重,就容易产生职业幸福感。教师培训让中小学教师体验到前所未有的快乐与幸福,触动了他们深刻思考的神经,使其增强了对教育事业的责任感、自信心,为自身职业生涯的发展注入了生机与活力。     

教育公平:当代美国教师教育课程思想的社会取向分析

在美国,社会取向教师教育课程思想逐渐成熟起来,它假设了教师是知识与社会的转换者,试图在教师教育课程中培养教师实现教育公平的社会道德和责任感、知识和技能,使得教师能够在美国多元化群体学生日益增长的环境中进行有效教学。     

美国“临床实践型教师教育”的教育实习模式探析

教师是一个类似于医学、护理或临床心理学的临床实践专业。为达成培养高效教师的终极目标,美国"临床实践型教师教育"聚焦实践性教育学环节,对教育实习的目标与内容、实习基地学校和指导教师的资格认证均作出了明确规定。为确保教育实习的成效,"临床实践型教师教育"强调相关主体应建立起支持性合作伙伴关系,并尝试搭建全国性的信息网络平台,从而形成具有整体性、连贯性的教育实习体系,以培养高效教师,满足教育需求。     

A teacher-report measure of children's task-avoidant behavior: A validation study of the Behavioral Strategy Rating Scale

This study aims to validate a teacher-report measure of children's task-avoidant behavior, namely the Behavioral Strategy Rating Scale (BSRS), in a sample of 352 Finnish children. In each of the four waves from Kindergarten to Grade 2, teachers rated children's task-avoidant behavior using the BSRS, children completed reading and mathematics tests, and trained testers rated children's task-avoidant and social-dependent behavior after the test situation. Mothers also rated children's task-avoidant behavior in the last two waves. The results showed that a two-factor model including one factor representing task avoidance and one method factor accounting for wording effects among the negatively phrased items fitted the data best. The scale demonstrated strict measurement invariance across all four waves and satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. Teacher-reported task avoidance was negatively associated with performance in reading and mathematics. The results suggest that the BSRS is a reliable, valid, and developmentally suitable instrument.     

完善人才培养体系,服务农村基础教育——安徽省农村中小学美术教育现状及师范生顶岗实习研究

结合目前师范院校教育实习的现状和安徽省农村中小学美术课程教学的实际情况,提出在安徽省以农村中小学美术学科作为试点,探讨这一制度实施的理论基础、关键环节。建立高师院校、城市示范中小学校美术教学见习基地、农村中小学实习基地三方协作的师范生实习指导形式,提高人才培养的质量,促进城乡教育均衡发展。     

贵州高等师范院校汉语言文学专业学生培养模式现状剖析

现行高等师范院校汉语言文学专业学生培养模式,不适应21世纪基础教育课程改革语文教师专业化的要求,具体表现为在学生培养模式上对学生职前语文教师专业化培养目标认识不到位;追求综合性、宽就业,淡化了师范性,大大削弱了学生职前语文教师专业化培养;同时,传统课程设置与结构也不适应学生职前语文教师专业化培养。