违约自由论

合同本质上就是当事人通过自由协商，决定其相互之间的权利、义务关系，并根据其意志调整他们相互之间的关系的协议。当事人有是否缔约的自由，和谁缔约及决定合同内容的自由，变更与解除合同的自由。但违约是否自由则从未明确地说明。而人们往往根据违约责任的存在而否定违约行为的自由。事实上我们日常生活中的违约行为往往就是缔约一方的自由选择的结果。文中从以下方面来说明违约的自由：违约行为的现实合理存在；合同法未对违约行为进行限制；对违约行为的适当规制并不是对违约行为的禁止。     

Deep Participation in Underserved Communities: A Quantitative Analysis of Hearken’s Model for Engagement Journalism

ABSTRACT

Hearken is a proprietary news engagement platform growing in popularity. Under the Hearken approach, audience members are invited to participate in the newsmaking process. Hearken strives to assist news organizations in providing local and hyperlocal content that meets audience needs and demands while preserving elements of the journalist’s role as gatekeeper. Hearken has also worked to help news organizations reach underrepresented populations with mixed results per its own anecdotal analyses. This study employs a quantitative content analysis comparing one year’s worth of coverage at four different local NPR affiliates in the United States to provide a breakdown of Hearken content versus traditional reporter-driven content in the following four categories: emphasis on hyperlocal coverage, story topic prevalence within local and hyperlocal coverage, emphasis on coverage of underrepresented communities, and story topic prevalence within coverage of underrepresented communities. Findings reveal listener-driven Hearken content favors hyperlocal news on lifestyle issues while reporter-driven stories emphasize state-level governance and politics as well as local crime. These indicate a stark contrast between the content audiences want and that which journalists tend to report. The nuanced normative implications, possibilities and limitations of Hearken’s model of “deep participation” are addressed in some detail.     

网络教学平台使用的师资培动——香港理工大学的经验

面授和网上教学有机结合的整合式教学越来越成为高校教育和培训的主要模式。本文旨在介绍和分析香港理工大学教学发展中心（简称EDC）如何通过网上教学平台的功能,与面授教学结合起来,发挥面授教学和网上教学的各自优势,使教师培训更加有效。EDC的实践表明,在大学教师培训课程中,发挥网上教学的优势,能帮助学员弥补由于有限的面授教学产生的师生之间、学员和学员之间互动的不足。在网上学习中,通过互相的学习观摩和观念碰撞,能激发学员的学习兴趣,有效地促进学员之间进行探究性学习,同时,这种集体学习的方法,能促进在职教师之间的友好交往和学术交流。     

The historical context of science and education at the American Museum of Natural History

In this article I critically examine the historical context of science education in a natural history museum and its relevance to using museum resources to teach science today. I begin with a discussion of the historical display of race and its relevance to my practice of using the Museum’s resources to teach science. I continue with a critical review of the history of the education department in a natural history museum to demonstrate the historical constitution of current practices of the education department. Using sociocultural constructs around identity formation and transformation, I move to the present with a case study of a teacher who transforms the structure of science education in her classroom and school as a result of her identity transformation and association with a museum-based professional education program.

Mathematical biography and key rhetoric

The intention of this article is to consider the use of narrative and rhetorical inquiry as research methods. I construct a mathematical biography of one elementary teacher trainee, Sirpa, who had performed well in her advanced mathematics course in upper secondary school. I describe her development as a mathematics teacher during teacher education from her second-year methods course and teaching practice to fourth-year teaching practice. Narrative inquiry is more than a case study: Sirpa’s mathematical biography is a story that describes how she constructs her mathematical identity. I also analysed the key rhetoric that Sirpa used in her talk, key rhetoric here referring to the strategy by which she constructed continuity and coherence.     

Communicating feedback in teaching practice supervision in a learning-oriented field experience assessment framework

This article seeks to understand the ways in which feedback was communicated in post-observation conferences in teaching practice supervision within the learning-oriented field experience assessment (LOFEA) framework. 32 post-observation conferences between 21 pairs of supervisors and participants of in-service teacher education programmes, and interviews with supervisors and participants were analyzed, with findings revealed in four themes:

1.

The distribution of content and nature of feedback in post-observation conferences;     

浅析政治课教师如何适应高中新课程改革

目前所进行的高中新课程改革,从各方面来看,都可以称为是中国基础教育的革命。它从教材制定、课程设置、课堂教学、教学目标、教学评价等诸多方面都进行了革新。不仅要改变学生的学习模式,而且也将改变教师传统的教育教学模式。通过分析高中思想政治课新课程改革的要求,从转变观念、更新知识储备、实施有效教学策略等方面,提出高中政治课教师如何适应新课程改革的几点建议。     

从“同一性自我”到“异质性他者”——谈教师学生观的跃迁

教师的学生观影响着师生间交往、沟通、理解的程度。列维纳斯的＂异质性他者＂伦理观反对＂自我的同一性＂,强调＂他者的异质性＂。教师需要摆脱＂自我同一性＂的学生观,关注作为＂异质性他者＂的学生,从而有利于教师更深层理解教育本质并重视自我反思。     

Critical Thinking and Community Engagement through Artistic Actions

In a society that strives for sustainability it is important to observe and value different forms of knowledge. Creating art is not a meaningless exercise. Instead, one might say that works of art serve as a window that interprets the world. In the article it is argued that artistic actions can offer a combination of critical and creative thinking reflecting on the types of knowledge and experience that count as valuable for sustainable communities. The article reflects on the participatory installation Colours of Rovaniemi and how ABER was used in the creation process. The methodology focused on the transformative power of community engagement when creating artistic actions that engage with sustainability. The installation provoked critical thinking and encouraged the participants to take a stand on the issues discussed. Artworks of this kind are well suited to help us understand the issues we face regarding sustainability. The work raised questions of who we are, what we prioritise in our lives. It initiated discussion of the connection between man and nature, attitudes, values and national self‐identity, challenging the participants’ perspectives.