Investigating reading development in atypical populations: The case of Williams syndrome

This paper presents a review of currentknowledge concerning the reading skills ofchildren and adults with Williams syndrome. The paper begins by highlighting themethodological issues surrounding research onreading in atypical populations and discussesthe issue of comparison groups. It proceeds toreview evidence from studies that havedescribed the reading profile observed inWilliams syndrome in relation to the documentedcognitive and linguistic profile, andspecifically examines the relationship betweenreading and phonological skills. The paperadvocates a more dynamic developmental approachto the study of reading in atypical populations.     

三只折翅的蝴蝶——论三个非正面女性角色悲剧的偶然与必然

作家杜穆丽埃、威廉斯和斯特林堡用构思精巧的情节、传统的道德创造了不朽的名著,从反面警示了女性背离、叛逆的底线和代价,成就了在主流意识形态中的传世名著。     

‘An Invested Interest in Language’: Literary Practice in Secondary Classrooms

This essay draws on the work of Raymond Williams in identifying a shift from the attempt to have students engage with literary texts in personal terms to a concern, founded on theoretical innovation, that they should read at a more sophisticated level in order to discern the ideology of a given text. It argues that what Williams calls an ‘expressivist’ view of texts needs to be reconciled with, rather than displaced by, a ‘formalist’ conception of them. It finds that high-stakes examinations reward a focus on abstracted ideological concerns at the expense of responsiveness to language and form. Exploration of the work of a teacher whose career has spanned this shift identifies ways in which she has, in meeting the challenges of the classroom and of theory, sustained a professional practice that has informed and motivated her students’ engagement with literary texts.     

Reading achievement of Rhode Island compensatory education students: A school effects study

This study investigated the unique and common contributions of four sets of predictor variables: (1) background, (2) mental ability, (3) program, and (4) parental involvement, to the variance in reading achievement scores—vocabulary and comprehension—for Title I students enrolled in Rhode Island remedial reading programs. The vocabulary analysis indicated that the four sets accounted uniquely for 7, 13, 9, and 9% of the variance, respectively. The comprehension analysis indicated that the four sets accounted for 7, 25, 5, and 4% of the variance, respectively. Joint contributions are also presented.     

谈雷蒙·威廉斯的“共同文化”思想的价值关怀

雷蒙·威廉斯是英国当代著名马克思主义文艺批评家,他的文化研究提出了“共同文化”思想,这一思想对利维斯主义文化传统做了扬弃,把生命平等作为前提,将“共同文化”建立在文化自由选择基础上,充满了社会主义民主价值追求及浓厚的人文价值关怀。     

简论田纳西·威廉斯的艺术创作特色

在创作方法上,美国剧作家田纳西.威廉斯广泛地采用象征主义、表现主义也包括现实主义在内的艺术手法。特别是,为了使戏剧富有创意,威廉斯常采用表现主义手法,对舞台设计作精心细致的安排,巧妙地运用音乐、灯光、色彩、服装等戏剧手段来增强艺术效果。     

重读田纳西·威廉斯笔下的南方淑女

田纳西.威廉斯是美国南部最伟大的剧作家。他素以塑造南方淑女形象而闻名于美国剧坛。田纳西.威廉斯作品中的南方淑女是种植园体制下的产物,而淑女的消亡则是历史发展的必然;另一方面,她们又饱受了时光、性、幻想和暴力的折磨,而这种暴露和批判的背面也正是对真、善、美的非同一般的渴望和赞美。     

从威廉斯到默多克：交锋中推进的英国文化研究

本文旨在从“远观”的角度勾勒英国“文化研究”的理论源流,对几位英国马克思主义文化批评理论家涉 及“文化研究”的两场论争———雷蒙德·威廉斯与特里·伊格尔顿的“文化主义”与“结构主义”之争、斯图亚特· 霍尔与格雷厄姆·默多克的“文化研究”与“传播政治经济学”之争———进行简略梳理。“文化研究”、“西方马克思 主义”以及西方现代美学文艺学三个层次上显示的“合题”状态启示我们,应该从理论逻辑、历史发展和基本范畴上 把握“文化研究”的批判本质、“文学性”和根本目标。     

PROTECTing the figure of innocence: child pornography legislation and the queerness of childhood

In US v. Williams (2008), the Supreme Court upheld the PROTECT Act; this law's “pandering provision” prohibits the distribution and solicitation of child pornography, but does not distinguish between real child pornography and “virtual” child pornography (images that are digitally created or manipulated and do not depict a real child). Situating this case at the intersection of rhetorical studies of the law and queer studies, I read the Court's opinions as rhetorical and cultural texts that circulate a strategic figuration of the child that emphasizes its sexual purity, vulnerability, and whiteness, and disavows the queerness of childhood desires. I argue that the Court's decision virtualizes the figuration of the child through the performative “collateral speech” act, ultimately conflating virtual materials with real children. Furthermore, I contend that the language of the law, as it taxonomizes and disciplines illicit desires, also expresses desire through its passionate figurations of childhood innocence and adult sexual morality.     

权力面具下的被戕害者

田纳西.威廉姆斯笔下的女性经常被认为是旧的南方体制下的受害者。事实上,不只他笔下的女性角色是脆弱﹑不合时宜﹑神经质﹑被这个残酷的父权社会及男性所戕害的牺牲品,他笔下的男性角色同样是父权社会的被戕害者。对于男性来说,男子气概建立在攻击性和暴力上面。他们需要在社会各个领域中证明自己;他们不能辜负这个社会所建构的男性形象。他们已经把父权制的传统期待和对男子气概的定义内化了。当父权社会给予男性权力和特权时,男性反过来就要用尽所有努力来保持他们的权力和特权。在这种意义上,他们本身就成为了隐形的受害者。