以修辞理论分析布道《永远的代祷者》中的说服性效果

虽然布道是一种很特别的演讲形式却鲜有人关注。之前对于宗教语言的研究主要集中在《圣经》对文学的影响,对宗教语言形式的研究并不多见。本研究的目的是用修辞理论分析基督教布道中体现出的说服性。由于史密斯主教的布道《永远的代祷者》较具代表性,因此被选作此次分析的文本。本研究主要分析布道中运用的修辞手法和亚里士多德的修辞手法（信誉、情感、逻辑）。分析表明这个布道中最常用的修辞手法是押韵,首语重复,押头韵,和修饰性问句。布道中,主教的正面形象有利于赢得观众对基督教教义的信任。主教讲述的故事不仅让听众敬畏神灵,也让他们对神充满期待。整场布道十分有技巧,进而起到以理服人的效果。所有修辞手法的运用都是为了说服听众相信上帝以及为教会捐款。     

Assessing behavioral data science privacy issues in government artificial intelligence deployment

In today's global culture where the Internet has established itself as the main tool for communication and commerce, the capability to massively analyze and predict citizens' behavior has become a priority for governments in terms of collective intelligence and security. At the same time, in the context of novel possibilities that artificial intelligence (AI) brings to governments in terms of understanding and developing collective behavior analysis, important concerns related to citizens' privacy have emerged. In order to identify the main uses that governments make of AI and to define citizens' concerns about their privacy, in the present study, we undertook a systematic review of the literature, conducted in-depth interviews, and applied data-mining techniques. Based on our results, we classified and discussed the risks to citizens' privacy according to the types of AI strategies used by governments that may affect collective behavior and cause massive behavior modification. Our results revealed 11 uses of AI strategies used by the government to improve their interaction with citizens, organizations in cities, services provided by public institutions or the economy, among other areas. In relation to citizens' privacy when AI is used by governments, we identified 8 topics related to human behavior predictions, intelligence decision making, decision automation, digital surveillance, data privacy law and regulation, and the risk of behavior modification. The paper concludes with a discussion of the development of regulations focused on the ethical design of citizen data collection, where implications for governments are presented aimed at regulating security, ethics, and data privacy. Additionally, we propose a research agenda composed by 16 research questions to be investigated in further research.