中国群众体育参与的影响因素及驱动力研究简

采用主成分分析与因子分析法,对影响群众体育参与的10个因素进行数据矩阵分析。旨在准确把握中国群众体育参与影响因素和特征。分析确定主成分：驱动因子2个。包括：政府支持和体育发展因子、生活水平与文化素质因子。结果表明,政府支持和体育发展是群众体育参与的基础和保障,生活水平与文化素质影响群众对体育参与的规模与主动性。     

西安市户外运动参与者风险意识调查与分析

为提高西安市户外运动参与者的风险意识,推动西安市户外运动的更好发展。通过文献资料、问卷调查等研究方法,对西安市户外运动参与者的风险意识情况进行调查与分析。研究结果显示:西安市户外运动参与者风险意识认识情况良好,能够很好的控制和预防风险,但还存在着户外运动风险意识宣传和安全培训力度不够,西安市部分户外运动组织者无户外领队资格证,西安市部分户外运动爱好者没有购买保险的意向的问题。     

吊环十字支撑动作的力学和肌电研究

吊环十字支撑是高级体操运动员在比赛中不可缺少的静止用力动作。运用力学和肌电对此动作进行研究,探索出完成动作的必要条件,由此确定正确的训练方法和有效程度,为广大高级体操教练员与运动员在制定训练计划与实施中提出有价值的参考。     

中外优秀男排选手前排扣球技术的三维运动学比较研究

通过三维高速录像研究表明 ,中国选手具有起跳时间短 ,两脚同时蹬地的起跳特征 ;外国选手具有起跳时间长 ,两脚依次蹬地的起跳特征。扣球是以转体、伸肩和收腹带动挥臂击球的三维动作 ,转体和伸肩动作占有重要作用。击球瞬间肘关节呈 15 0 (°)左右略屈肘击球能充分发挥前臂旋内加速功能。     

Accelerometer and GPS Data to Analyze Built Environments and Physical Activity

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Most built environment studies have quantified characteristics of the areas around participants’ homes. However, the environmental exposures for physical activity (PA) are spatially dynamic rather than static. Thus, merged accelerometer and global positioning system (GPS) data were utilized to estimate associations between the built environment and PA among adults. Methods: Participants (N = 142) were recruited on trails in Massachusetts and wore an accelerometer and GPS unit for 1–4 days. Two binary outcomes were created: moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA vs. light PA-to-sedentary); and light-to-vigorous PA (LVPA vs. sedentary). Five built environment variables were created within 50-meter buffers around GPS points: population density, street density, land use mix (LUM), greenness, and walkability index. Generalized linear mixed models were fit to examine associations between environmental variables and both outcomes, adjusting for demographic covariates. Results: Overall, in the fully adjusted models, greenness was positively associated with MVPA and LVPA (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.30 and 1.25, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.41, respectively). In contrast, street density and LUM were negatively associated with MVPA (ORs = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.71 and 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78, 0.97, respectively) and LVPA (ORs = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.77, 0.81 and 0.81, 95% CI = 0.74, 0.90, respectively). Negative associations of population density and walkability with both outcomes reached statistical significance, yet the effect sizes were small. Conclusions: Concurrent monitoring of activity with accelerometers and GPS units allowed us to investigate relationships between objectively measured built environment around GPS points and minute-by-minute PA. Negative relationships between street density and LUM and PA contrast evidence from most built environment studies in adults. However, direct comparisons should be made with caution since most previous studies have focused on spatially fixed buffers around home locations, rather than the precise locations where PA occurs.     

Development of the Exercise Motives and Gains Inventory

There are existing measures of exercise motives (what people want from exercise), but corresponding measures of gains (what people get) are needed, because motives and gains could influence each other and together influence other variables. An exercise motives and gains inventory (EMGI) was developed by creating gains scales to complement existing Exercise Motivations Inventory 2 scales. Confirmatory factor analyses of EMGI items established that items reflected their intended constructs; and that motive and gain constructs were distinct. Exploratory structural equation modeling of EMGI scales established that the higher-order structures of motives and gains were somewhat different: Appearance motive was associated with weight management, whereas appearance gain was associated with health and fitness. Paired-sample t-tests established that gains were less than motives in some instances (ill-health avoidance, positive health), and greater in others (e.g., affiliation, challenge). The EMGI can be used to investigate the consequences and causes of motives and gains.     

Match activities of top-class female soccer assistant referees in relation to the offside line

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the match activities of top-class female assistant referees (mean age 34.8 years, s=3.5; stature 1.64 m, s=0.05; weight 58.1 kg, s=7.4; body mass index 21.6 kg · m^–2, s=2.4) in relation to the offside line. Computerized match analyses were performed on 14 top-class assistant referees during 10 matches (a total of 20 observations) from the 2006 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) under-20 Women's World Championship held in Russia. In addition, the position of the second last defensive player of both teams was calculated throughout the matches to determine the distance from the assistant referee to the offside line. The total distance covered during a game was 5594 m (s=473), of which 27% was sideways movements (1492 m, s=135). High-intensity activities (>13 km · h^–1) accounted for 1999 m (s=371). Mean distance from the offside line during the entire match was 1.06 m (s=0.26). Total distance covered, high-intensity activities, and distance from the offside line were not different (P>0.05) between the two halves of the game or consecutive 15-min match periods. Our results show that: (1) the kinematic demands placed on top-class female assistant referees are similar to those of top-class male assistant refereeing except for the amount of high-intensity activities, and (2) assistant referees were able to maintain the distance from the offside line during the match, which suggests an ability to keep up with the pace of the play throughout the match.     

从主要技术指标看我国蹦床运动的现状

本文通过对蹦床运动的完成动作时间、动作难度,完成动作减分情况等项技术指标的统计,在主要技术上对我国与世界先进水平运动员进行比较分析,剖析我国蹦床运动在目前技术上存在的主要问题,并据此提出对策和建议。     

新课程标准下体育课程资源的开发与利用

根据新一轮基础教育课程改革的精神和《体育与健康课程标准》的新理念,探讨了体育课程资源开发与利用的问题,其中包括尝试性阐述了体育课程资源的概念及分类、开发与利用的途径以及开发应坚持的主要原则等问题。     

武术被中小学冷落的主要原因分析

武术是中国传统体育项目,更是向中小学生进行传统文化教育的重要平台。文章采用文献资料法,对我国2005年——2010年有关中小学学校武术教育的文献资料进行归纳整理,研究结果发现：外来文化、竞技体育发展模式、师资、教材、教法等是造成武术被中小学冷落的一般原因,武术普及推广目的不明确才是主要原因。