Neurosurgical treatment for addiction: lessons from an untold story in China and a path forward

Addiction is a major public-health crisis associated with significant disability and mortality. Although various pharmacological and behavioral treatments are currently available, the clinical efficacy of these treatments is limited. Given this situation, there is a growing interest in finding an effective neurosurgical treatment for addiction. First, we discuss the use of ablative surgery in treating addiction. We focus on the rise and fall of nucleus accumbens ablation for addiction in China. Subsequently, we review recent studies that have explored the efficacy and safety of deep-brain-stimulation treatment for addiction. We conclude that neurosurgical procedures, particularly deep-brain stimulation, have a potentially valuable role in the management of otherwise intractable addictive disorders. Larger well-controlled clinical trials, however, are needed to assess clinical efficacy and safety. We end by discussing several key issues involved in this clinical field and identifying some areas of progress.     

辩论式教学在基于模型引导的创新药物早期临床研究设计教学中的应用

基于模型引导的创新药物早期临床研究设计是一门医学、数学和统计学交叉的前沿课程,目前国内外该课程的教学还没有成熟模式。为了充分提高教学效果,将辩论赛引入创新药物临床研究教学实践中,通过课堂小辩论、期末大辩论、课下兴趣小组等方式,充分提高学生学习的主动性、创造性和参与度,最终提高教学水平和人才培养质量。     

金属支架药物涂层释放量的比较

临床应用中的PTCA技术,由于金属支架植入后对血管壁的损伤及异物的炎性反应,可引起内膜增生而导致血管内再狭窄.为解决这一难题,采用药物涂层支架进行控制和预防.通过不同的方式对金属支架表面进行药物涂层,并对药物释放量进行比较.     

高效毛细管电泳在手性药物拆分中的应用

介绍了高效毛细管电泳用于手性化合物拆分的主要模式,探讨了影响分离结果的主要因素,综述了各类手性选择剂的研究现状及在手性药物拆分中的应用.     

Developmental milestones in abused children, and their improvement with a family-oriented approach to the treatment of child abuse

Few objective measures of the efficacy of intervention programs in the treatment of child abuse exist. One such measure may be improvement in the developmental delays often seen in abused children. Using the Learning Assessment Profile, we tested 53 abused children, ages 2.5-5 years, just before and after involvement in our Family Development Center Program (FDC). The FDC emphasizes therapy-group-interaction for parents, where alternative ways of expressing anger are explored. Children attend daily preschool classes, and take occasional outside field trips. Of the 53 children tested 42 (79%) showed greater than expected developmental skills gains. Six children demonstrated no improvement in developmental skills, four of whom had severe developmental delays in one or two areas. Fine motor and language skills were significantly delayed for the group as a whole; these areas showed the greatest improvement after FDC. There did not appear to be an overall association between increased improvement in developmental skills and length of time in the FDC program, although certain subgroups of children appeared to improve with time while others appeared to lose ground. A five-year follow-up study of these children is presently underway. We conclude that a program which involves both parent and child, and focuses on their interaction, appears to be effective in dealing with abusive families; monitoring developmental levels in the abused children is one means of assessing their progress in such a program. Further controlled prospective trials are needed in this area.     

Cytotoxicity of Liposomal Paclitaxel in Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7

Regarding that the breast cancer is the most prevalent disease among women, paclitaxel, an anti-cancer drug, could be used in treatment of this disease. As paclitaxel has adverse effects, it was used of nanoliposome drug delivery technology in order to reduce adverse effects and improve drug efficacy. Certain ratios of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and paclitaxel were synthesized to prepare nanoliposomal paclitaxel. Using Zeta sizer device, the mean diameter of nanoliposomal paclitaxel was obtained 421.4 nm and its encapsulation efficiency was 91.3 %. By dialysis, drug release in nanoliposome paclitaxel formulation within 28 h was studied which was 5.53 %. This study showed that cytotoxicity effect of nanoliposomal paclitaxel is more than that of the standard form.     

Therapeutic use exemptions and the doctrine of double effect

Without taking a position on the overall justification of anti-doping regulations, I analyse the possible justification of Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs) from such rules. TUEs are a creative way to prevent the unfair exclusion of athletes with a chronic condition, and they have the potential to be the least bad option. But they cannot be competitively neutral. Their justification must rest, instead, on the relevance of intentions to permissibility. I illustrate this by means of a set of thought experiments in which only an athlete’s intentions vary. I argue that the Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) sheds some light on TUEs and illustrate this by applying different readings of the DDE to the thought experiment. This underpins a justification of anti-doping exemptions very different from the approach adopted by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). I argue for three changes to bring TUEs in line with this understanding: rewriting of the regulations, transparency, and a greater role for athletes in determining what exemptions are allowed, and when.     

浅谈“合理用药”

近些年来,关于药品的安全事件此起彼伏,不绝于耳。药品的合理安全应用成为了社会的关注热点。老百姓如何用上“放心药”,公众用药应该避免哪些误区？该文就此进行了简要分析。     

HPLC检测鳗鱼中部分氟喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了高效液相色谱法检测鳗鱼中恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星等合成抗菌剂残留的方法。样品以乙腈为提取剂,经脱脂、净化、浓缩,用流动相溶解。用高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星。各标准曲线线性范围0．05—1．20μg／ml,线性相关系数r=0．9911—0．9943,实验回收率为55．0％～85．9％,RSD在5．58％～7．38％（n=5）,检坝4低限分别为1μg／kg,2μg／kg,2μg／kg。     

Greenhouse breeding of a medicinal herb

Aresearch project on the greenhouse cultivation of Swertia chirayita Buch Ham, a popular herbal drug used by the Tibetan people against liver and gallbladder diseases, recently passed the acceptance check by a panel of experts under the auspices of Qinghai Provincial S＆T Bureau. The feat was accomplished by researchers from the Lanzhoubased CAS Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology.