一种新型的抗老年痴呆剂：左旋黄皮酰胺的化学、生物学活性和作用机制研究

从芸香科植物黄皮叶中分离出具有五种不同骨架的七个新酰胺类化合物,其中之一的黄皮酰胺的γ-内酰胺与具有促智作用的脑复康（piracetam）呈现相同的骨架,其分子中有4个不对称中心,应有16个对映体。在鉴定出16个对映体的绝对构型之后,用黄量教授设计的仿生路线先后完成了16个对映体和光活黄皮酰胺的不对称合成,在这一研究中解决了立体化学和合成中的一些难点,大大缩短了合成步骤,提高了总得率,生产工艺日趋成熟,其合成规模可满足临床试用和日后治疗疾病的需要。使用多项模型和指标也已证明（一）黄皮酰胺是有效对映体,（＋）黄皮酰胺为劣对映体。黄皮酰胺对映体的代谢（血药浓度、吸收、分布、排泄、血浆蛋白结合、肝脏首过效应）和酶促动力学也都存在立体选择性差异。（一）黄皮酰胺的主要药理作用是改善认知功能和抑制Ap毒性。药理作用的显著特点是提高突触效能和结构的可塑性,为国际上近年提出的“突触丢失是老年痴呆的主要原因”的新学说提供了有力的支持,也为当前AD治疗的新策略提供了有良好前景的新药。     

面向在线医疗社区的慢病知识服务模型构建

[目的/意义]实现"全覆盖、长周期、细粒度、高质量"的全民慢病健康管理与服务目标,完成在精准性、用户满意度等层面慢病有效管理的新突破。[方法/过程]在对国内外主要在线医疗社区服务内容进行比较分析和有效提取社区用户群体需求特征的基础上,复用和优化已有的通用疾病本体模型,在多维视阈下构建起了面向用户的慢病知识服务模型,并以冠心病为例进行了本体构建以及慢病知识服务平台的开发与实践。[结果/结论]该知识服务模型能够为用户提供多样性信息资源、细粒度知识、强导向性的智能化个性化的慢病健康知识服务,同时为个体和社会层面的慢病一体化、周期化、综合化的管理与服务提供支持。[局限]由于平台限制,获取的在线医疗社区数据样本有限。     

新冠肺炎疫情对我国上市港航及船舶制造企业财务状况的影响

为量化新冠肺炎疫情对我国水路运输企业财务状况的影响,本文基于Z score模型对构成水路运输产业链核心的港口、航运、船舶制造三类上市企业财务状况进行评价。通过对比疫情发生前后企业财务状况的变化,明确疫情在不同时期对水路运输企业财务状况的影响,以及对不同类企业带来的异质化影响。研究结果表明,在疫情发生初期我国水路运输业受到短期负面冲击较大,企业经营利润均出现明显下降,其中港口和船舶制造企业财务状况恶化较为显著,而航运企业财务状况受影响较小。随着国内疫情得到有效控制,水路运输业整体经营状况逐渐向好,特别是船舶制造企业得益于船舶订单量的增长,财务状况改善较为明显。港口企业恢复则较为疲软,且不同港口企业间的分化有所加剧。航运企业总体财务状况相对较为稳健。     

《左传》、《国语》的心理疾病与心理健康思想

《左传》、《国语》的心理疾病与心理健康思想是在春秋理性与迷信交织存在的时代背景下发展起来的，因而带有浓重的时代思想烙印。它记载了心疾、无慧和童昏等生理性心理疾病，描述了顽、贪琳无厌和好沽等心理性心理疾病，并对生理性与心理性心理疾病的关联有理性认识；分别论述和总结了情绪、神志等生命力、行为乃至人格等方面与心理健康的关系和影响；包含“视正听和”、日常行动不“壹”、分业居住、教育和“节”制是达到和保持心理健康途径的思想。这些对今天心理健康建设具有可贵的借鉴和指导意义。     

不同玉米杂交种茎腐病抗性比较研究

为了筛选对茎腐病抗性较强、产量较高的玉米杂交种,采用人工接种法研究了不同玉米杂交种对茎腐病抗病性和产量结构变化。结果表明,不同玉米杂交种对茎腐病的抗性差异较大。其中,杂交种3号达中抗（MR）,其它均为感（S）或高感（HS）;接种玉米茎腐病菌的杂交种和未接种的穗长、穗粗、行粒数、单穗重、单穗粒重和百粒重之间差异显著（P〈0．05）,而对秃顶长度、粒行数的影响不显著（P〉0．05）。杂交种3号的产量最高,明显高于郑单958,是较为理想的抗病高产新组合。     

心理健康是大学生的重要素质

大学生正处于身心发展的关键时期。面对一系列重大人生课题极易引发心理问题,进而影响到身心发展和健康成才。今天的社会对人才的素质,尤其是心理素质提出了更高的要求。健康稳定的心理状态是形成良好的政治、道德品质的基础和进行学习的前提。心理健康成为大学生的重要素质,必须加强大学生心理素质教育。     

Myeloperoxidase in Chronic Kidney Disease

Numerous lines of evidence implicate a role of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is a well accepted fact that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk for CVD. MPO is a pro-oxidant enzyme which could be involved in the increased susceptibility of these patients to CVD. Hence, the levels of plasma MPO was determined in healthy controls as well as in patients with CKD [stratified with the level of their kidney failure as CKD stages II–V (end stage renal disease)]. Plasma MPO was assayed by a spectrophotometric method. Serum urea and creatinine were estimated on a clinical chemistry analyzer using standard laboratory procedures. The mean plasma MPO levels were significantly lower with advancing stages of renal failure (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between MPO and GFR (r = +0.89, P < 0.001) and a negative correlation with urea (r = −0.85, P < 0.001) and creatinine (r = −0.82, P < 0.001). While an inverse association was observed between plasma MPO and urea in CKD patients, such an association was not observed in control subjects (P = 0.43). In conclusion, the decline in plasma MPO levels may be due to the inhibitory effect of uraemic toxins on the enzyme.     

Efficacy of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-10 Analysis in the Follow-up of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation during acute phase reactions. The current study was designed to investigate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) along with the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) during progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis in diabetic patients, and correlate the levels of cytokines with the progression of NAFLD. Fifty-two diabetic patients compared to 18 healthy controls were participated in this study. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups: simple steatosis, NASH and fibrosis. Serum liver function tests, fasting blood glucose, bilirubin, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-10 and lipid profile were measured. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared to control subjects with a significant positive correlation with body mass index and fasting blood glucose (FBG) but with negative correlation with IL-10. Serum IL-10 levels were significantly lower in NAFLD patients compared with controls. A positive correlation between IL-10 and HDL-C with concomitant negative correlation between IL-10 and FBG and triacylglycerides was found. Cytokine analyses showed that there was a prominent imbalance between TNF-α and IL-10 in patients with NAFLD, and this imbalance increase by increasing the progression of NAFLD especially in obese diabetic patients. TNF-α and IL-10 could be used in diagnosis and follow-up of NAFLD stages in a way to avoid liver biopsies in greater proportion of patients.     

High-resolution mapping of brain vasculature and its impairment in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease mice

Accumulating evidence indicates the critical importance of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer''s disease (AD). However, systematic comparative studies on the precise brain vasculature of wild-type and AD model mice are still rare. Using an image-optimization method for analysing Micro-Optical Sectioning Tomography (MOST) data, we generated cross-scale whole-brain 3D atlases that cover the entire vascular system from large vessels down to smallest capillaries at submicron resolution, for both wild-type mice and a transgenic (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD. In addition to distinct vascular patterns in different brain regions, we found that the main vessels of the molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG-ml) undergo abrupt changes in both diameter and branch angle, spreading a unique comb-like pattern of capillaries. By using a quantitative analysis workflow, we identified in the hippocampus of AD mice an overall reduction of the mean vascular diameter, volume fraction and branch angle, with most significant impairment in the DG-ml. In addition, virtual endoscopy revealed irregular morphological features in the vessel lumen of the AD mice, potentially contributing to the impairment of blood flow. Our results demonstrate the capability of high-resolution cross-scale evaluation of brain vasculature and underscore the importance of studying hippocampal microcirculation for understanding AD pathogenesis.     

脑血管病恢复期的家庭康复

脑血管病恢复期的家庭康复可通过心理康复促进机能康复,加强功能锻炼,合理营养,纠正不良生活习惯和预防并发症等途径进行.