呼吸链电子传递: 线粒体氧化磷酸化偶联的重要限速步骤

线粒体氧化磷酸化解偶联和ＡＴＰ合成的降低可能是运动性疲劳的重要线粒体膜分子机制之一。作为这一进程的重要限速步骤,呼吸链电子传递可能与运动过程中线粒休氧化磷酸化解偶联密切相关。并由此提出“呼吸链电子传递可能是和长时间运动中线粒磷酸化的重要限速步骤”假说。     

鲁迅的小说有什么好

鲁迅的小说以新鲜多样的艺术形式，深刻丰富的思想内涵和深厚的人生体验显示了中国现代小说所能达到的水准。《狂人日记》将新奇的故事与整体的象征相结合，使启蒙思想获得陌生化的艺术效果；《孔乙己》在典型环境中塑造典型人物，“这一个”中包含着丰富的社会文化内涵；《阿Q正传》则将讽刺揉合在滑稽的故事中，喜剧的外壳下藏着悲剧的内涵。以鲁迅小说为代表的中国现代小说重新激活了读者的阅读感觉，并加强了与读者人生体验的内在联系。     

从《1Q84》论村上春树小说的陌生化

村上春树秉承了与传统日本文学相异的内格特质,通过借鉴俄国形式主义文论中陌生化的理论拓宽了他的创作手法。他的最新小说《1Q84》对＂陌生化＂手法的使用表现在小说中框架、情节、语言的新风格等方面。作者从新手法创作旧事物,读者从新角度观察旧事物,＂陌生化＂的艺术加工和处理方法使《1Q84》更具可感性。     

Judicial Authority and Qāḍīs' Autonomy under the ʿAbbāsids

As Joseph Schacht argued in the 1950s, the office of qā?ī began in the Umayyad period as that of a “legal secretary” to provincial governors. Documentary evidence from Egypt confirms that governors were indeed regarded as the highest judicial authority in early Islam, and that their legal powers far surpassed that of any other judge. In large cities, governors appointed and dismissed qā?īs at will; decisions taken by qā?īs could be swiftly overruled by political authorities.

Although the ?Abbāsids reformed and centralised the judiciary in the second half of second/eighth century, qā?īs were still subordinate to reigning rulers and unable to impose judgements that displeased the caliph or his main representatives. The increasing political and social influence of scholars and the development of classical schools of law eventually changed this situation. Relying on a body of both narrative and legal literature, this article addresses the qā?īs' attempts to resist political rulers' interference with the judiciary by asserting themselves as true representatives of the sharī?a. It argues that ?anafī legal literature, dating from the third/ninth and fourth/tenth centuries, gradually elaborated a theory on the relationship between the qā?ī and the ruler. This theory was instrumental in doing away with political infringement on the judicial prerogative and was soon incorporated into adab literature, whose stories of rulers entirely subjugated to the rule of law became a new political model.     

《阿Q正传》的矛盾变异修辞与语境释读

矛盾变异修辞是《阿Q正传》修辞方式的最大特点。在文本中,各种矛盾变异在特殊的语境中达成了积极的修辞效果。鲁迅正是藉由这种超乎寻常的修辞手法表现了他对于当时国民的深深无奈。     

Technological pervasiveness and variety of innovators in Green ICT: A patent-based analysis

Many eco-innovations have been linked to technical change in the ICT domain. Leveraging the distinctive features of general purpose technologies, ICT have the potential to steer green growth and to help decouple this growth from ecological damage. The paper aims to shed light on innovation dynamics in this emerging sector by investigating the patterns of innovation in the green ICT domains using granted EPO patent data from 1986 to 2006. By means of a network analysis, it identifies existing green ICT domains and examines the characteristics of innovative activity in these domains, focusing in particular on growth and technological pervasiveness, as well as on the variety of innovators. Results indicate that the innovative activity in green ICT domains is characterised by high growth and high levels of technological pervasiveness, considerable entry of new innovators and a variety of actors – with a prevalence of large ICT firms and universities. However, the analysis highlights the existence of three different clusters – emerging fields, established fields and mature fields – that are defined by different structures of innovative activities and by different technological opportunities.     

四川无心菜属（石竹科）一新种

描述了四川无心菜属（石竹科）一新种——道孚无心菜Arenaria dawuensis A. J. Li&Q. Ban。该种具纺锤形根，聚伞花序，花柱2，线形而与纟遂瓣无心菜A. fimbriata（E. Pritz. ）Mattf. 相近，但叶匙形，萼片边缘具长缘毛，花瓣短于萼片，顶端细流苏状而不同。     

国有上市公司高管持股与公司绩效的实证分析

自2005年股权分置改革以及《上市公司股激励管理办法(试行)》之后,我国上市公司股权激励政策日渐成熟,尤其是国有上市公司。本文通过对国有上市公司高管持股比例与托宾Q值用最小二乘法进行回归分析,力图研究高管持股比例与公司业绩的关系,从而探讨股权激励中高管持股的作用。本文的研究结果表明,高管持股对公司业绩整体上呈正相关关系,但是在不同范围内作用大小不同。     

基于深度Q网络的水面无人艇路径规划算法

为实现水面无人艇(unmanned surface vessel, USV)在未知环境下的自主避障航行,提出一种基于深度Q网络的USV避障路径规划算法。该算法将深度学习应用到Q学习算法中,利用深度神经网络估计Q函数,有效解决传统Q学习算法在复杂水域环境的路径规划中容易产生维数灾难的问题。通过训练模型可有效地建立感知(输入)与决策(输出)之间的映射关系。依据此映射关系,USV在每个决策周期选择Q值最大的动作执行,从而能够成功避开障碍物并规划出最优路线。仿真结果表明,在迭代训练8 000次时,平均损失函数能够较好地收敛,这证明USV有效学习到了如何避开障碍物并规划出最优路线。该方法是一种不依赖模型的端到端路径规划算法。