主题图技术与相关知识组织方法的比较研究

通过简单介绍主题图的定义及其核心概念,与相关的知识组织方法,如索引、词汇表、叙词表、分类法、概念图,以及语义网中的知识表现等进行了比较。     

英文报刊杂志标题的修辞色彩

报刊杂志英语充满修辞, 尤以标题最为明显。在任何一种语言中, 修辞手法都是最常见的用于增强表达效果, 使表达更为生动活泼的手段之一。作为一种新的语言分支,报刊杂志英语适合使用各种英语修辞手法, 尤其是用在标题中。它们起着桥梁的作用, 使标题语言更加生动, 具体, 准确, 易懂, 从而使标题内容更加充实丰富。     

Exploring coherent topics by topic modeling with term weighting

Topic models often produce unexplainable topics that are filled with noisy words. The reason is that words in topic modeling have equal weights. High frequency words dominate the top topic word lists, but most of them are meaningless words, e.g., domain-specific stopwords. To address this issue, in this paper we aim to investigate how to weight words, and then develop a straightforward but effective term weighting scheme, namely entropy weighting (EW). The proposed EW scheme is based on conditional entropy measured by word co-occurrences. Compared with existing term weighting schemes, the highlight of EW is that it can automatically reward informative words. For more robust word weight, we further suggest a combination form of EW (CEW) with two existing weighting schemes. Basically, our CEW assigns meaningless words lower weights and informative words higher weights, leading to more coherent topics during topic modeling inference. We apply CEW to Dirichlet multinomial mixture and latent Dirichlet allocation, and evaluate it by topic quality, document clustering and classification tasks on 8 real world data sets. Experimental results show that weighting words can effectively improve the topic modeling performance over both short texts and normal long texts. More importantly, the proposed CEW significantly outperforms the existing term weighting schemes, since it further considers which words are informative.     

科技文献话题演化研究

提出一种研究话题演化的方法,利用LDA话题模型抽取科技文献的话题,通过计算话题的强度和特征词,研究话题的演化趋势。对NIPS论文集与ACL论文集进行实验,结果显示了机器学习领域以及计算语言学领域的一些发展状况,从而验证该方法的可行性。     

我国科技期刊产业服务能力建设的调查与思考

【目的】 通过调研科技期刊在创新发展中的地位与作用;展示科技期刊在促进产业发展、服务行业进步中的价值与作用。 【方法】 以不同行业的技术类期刊为研究对象;通过文献研究、现场走访、主编访谈、案例研究等方法;从实例中挖掘行业期刊在聚焦产业发展、集聚行业优质资源、打造特色专栏专刊、开发期刊智库功能、促进创新合作等方面的举措;总结科技期刊服务我国高质量发展的启示。 【结果】 科技期刊作为我国科技事业的重要组成部分;在服务创新、 服务产业、推动交流、推动行业进步等方面有着重要价值;是科技成果的重要载体和交流的重要渠道。 【结论】 明确科技期刊在产业链中的定位;服务决策与转化;实现科技期刊的产业价值;从而提升我国科技竞争力和文化软实力。     

Integer Linear Programming for Constrained Multi-Aspect Committee Review Assignment

Automatic review assignment can significantly improve the productivity of many people such as conference organizers, journal editors and grant administrators. A general setup of the review assignment problem involves assigning a set of reviewers on a committee to a set of documents to be reviewed under the constraint of review quota so that the reviewers assigned to a document can collectively cover multiple topic aspects of the document. No previous work has addressed such a setup of committee review assignments while also considering matching multiple aspects of topics and expertise. In this paper, we tackle the problem of committee review assignment with multi-aspect expertise matching by casting it as an integer linear programming problem. The proposed algorithm can naturally accommodate any probabilistic or deterministic method for modeling multiple aspects to automate committee review assignments. Evaluation using a multi-aspect review assignment test set constructed using ACM SIGIR publications shows that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient for committee review assignments based on multi-aspect expertise matching.     

庄子寓言故事话题引入研究—与现代汉语叙述故事话题引入比较

通过对庄子寓言故事的研究,考察其话题引入的句法和形态特点,发现:庄子寓言故事中话题引入的句法形式有存现结构和非存现结构两种,存现结构作为话题标示的句法手段古今一致;庄子寓言故事中话题标示的句法手段和形态手段独立使用;指示词"夫"用来标示话题,是庄子寓言故事话题引入的形态手段之一,光杆名词短语或光杆名词也可以直接充当话题;古汉语中特有的短语形式充当话题,比如"者"字短语、"之"字短语等;庄子寓言故事中多采用零形回指和代词回指的形式回指引入话题,未见名词短语的回指方式.     

《中国近现代史纲要》专题教学初探

实行《中国近现代史纲要》专题教学,可以较好地处理中学《中国近现代史》与高校《中国近现代史纲要》之间的衔接问题,可以较好地处理教材体系向教学体系转化的问题。专题的设计,要充分把握“一个主题”、“两个了解”、“三个选择”的教学重点。专题教学要注重学生自学的作用、历史细节的展开、学生历史思维能力的提高、学生理想信念的增强。     

教育舆情评析及大学公信力场域之构建——以清华“真维斯楼”舆论话题为例

教育舆情是指在公共空间中传播的针对教育问题的公众话语与民意表达,反映着特定时期和地域内较为普遍的社会认知及感受.清华大学“真维斯楼”舆情中,舆论的视野局限与立场的泛道德化倾向明显,不当认知与合理诉求交织显现,公信力场域正在由魅力型向法理型转化.大学的舆情应对能力及制度化水平亟待提高,自觉建立舆情应对机制,积极调整与社会的公共关系,通过大学管理的切实改进,在与社情民意的良性互动中寻求善治,是大学公信力场域构建的应然立场和重要的策略选择.     

基于Bertopic的科技期刊微信公众号人工智能内容议题设置优化策略研究——以“中国科技期刊卓越行动计划”入选期刊为例

【目的】探究科技期刊微信公众号中人工智能内容议题的焦点、趋势及盲点,并为科技期刊公众号人工智能内容议题设置提出优化策略。【方法】爬取近5年科技期刊公众号人工智能相关文章,通过Bertopic方法分析讨论热点及演化趋势;通过Gephi聚类方法梳理国家层面人工智能政策体系,对比总结出科技期刊微信公众号关于人工智能议题设置的现存盲点,进而提出人工智能内容议题设置优化策略。【结果】相关科技期刊公众号中人工智能领域议题分为29个,可归纳为技术、应用、产品服务以及伦理四个维度;对数据规范、模型基础设施、场景覆盖、市场化产品、权益保护、技术/数据安全以及行业规范等议题的讨论有所欠缺;未来人工智能模型数据/训练、生成式大模型将成为技术主攻方向,蛋白质分子和煤矿开采或将成为热门应用场景,伦理治理也将成为热议话题。【结论】针对分析结果,提出“技术-应用-产品-风险”四维策略优化框架,为科技期刊深度融合发展提供方法论支撑。