技巧啦啦操运动员核心力量训练内容及其方法的研究

技巧啦啦操在国内快速的普及,大大小小的比赛也越来越多,从幼儿园到大学各种各样的技巧啦啦操队伍也应运而生,参与比赛的人说也是逐年增加,但运动员的技巧水平还有待提高,身体素质也有待加强。鉴于这些薄弱方面,本文主要运用文献资料法、访谈法、逻辑分析法等对技巧啦啦操运动员的核心力量训练内容及其方法进行研究,旨从理论中指导实践,从实践中总结经验,推动我国的技巧啦啦操水平向世界先进水平迈进,从而走得更远。     

循环抗阻训练对女大学生肌力及有氧耐力影响研究*

目的：探讨循环抗阻训练对非体育专业女大学生等动肌力以及有氧工作能力的影响。方法：以在校非体育专项23名女大学生为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组进行8周循环抗阻训练,对照组不训练。训练前后,利用IsoMed2000等动肌力测试系统测试肩关节、腰腹、膝关节等部位等速肌力;利用CORTEX MetaMax-3B运动心肺功能测试仪测试最大摄氧量的变化。结果：1.通过8周循环抗阻训练,女大学生左右膝关节屈伸肌群等动肌力均显著高于训练前,腰腹伸肌群等动肌力极显著高于训练前,左右肩关节屈肌群等动肌力极显著高于训练前,右肩关节伸肌群等动肌力极显著高于训练前;2.通过8周循环抗阻训练,女大学生最大摄氧量绝对值、相对值以及最大摄氧量出现时间均极显著高于训练前。结论：通过8周循环抗阻训练,能提升女大学生有氧耐力,增加女大学生膝关节屈伸肌群、躯干伸肌群、左右肩关节屈肌群峰以及右肩关节伸肌群的力量。但躯干屈肌群和左肩关节伸肌群作用不明显,今后应用该套循环抗阻训练方案,应增加躯干伸肌群和左肩关节伸肌群锻炼动作。     

浅析美欧公共电视发展的法律环境

本文讨论的是美国民营公共电视机构所处的法律环境,以及欧盟各国对公共电视发展的法律支持,旨在提供对国外公营广电的基本了解。     

Systems model and individual simulations of training strategies in elite short-track speed skaters

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated training strategies on performance potential in elite short-track speed skaters. Training load and field-based criterion performances from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were collected over a 3-month training period and the relationship between training loads and performance was computed with a variable dose-response model using a genetic algorithm. Individual simulations of tapers preceded or not preceded by an overload training (OT) were assessed. We obtained a significant correlation between actual and modelled performances (R² = 0.76 ± 0.07). Regarding model parameters, no significant difference was found between males and females but the time to recover performance tended to be lower in females. Simulations in which the taper parameters were free highlighted that an exponential or a step taper were the most effective for increasing performance compared to a linear taper (p < 0.05). Optimal exponential taper duration after OT was 10.7 ± 2.4d and the optimal load reduction was 75.9 ± 3.7%. OT intensity had the greatest influence on the predicted performance, followed by OT duration, taper decay, and to a lesser extent load reduction during taper and taper duration. Thus, a variable dose-response systems model allows the evaluation of different taper strategies and their potential effect on performance changes.     

The carbon footprint of active sport participants

Researchers examining carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions (carbon footprint) in sport have focused on sport events and, to a lesser extent, sport teams, but provided only average or aggregate values. The author takes the perspective of active sport participants and considers the heterogeneity of individual sport participation behavior. Using online surveys, adult active sport participants (n = 6537) in 20 different sports with main residence in Germany were asked to report their sport-travel behavior in 2015, including traveling in the context of regular (weekly) activity, sport competitions/tournaments, league games, day trips, and training camps/vacations. Annual carbon footprints were estimated using information about travel distances and transportation means. The results revealed an average annual carbon footprint of 844 kg of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions, with individual sports producing more emissions than team/racket sports. Participants in nature sports had the highest emission levels. Regression analyses revealed that environmental consciousness significantly reduced carbon footprint in individual sports, but not in team/racket and nature sports, supporting the existence of an environmental value-action gap. Activity years, club membership, weekly exercise hours, performance level, and income were mainly positively associated with annual carbon footprint, while gender was insignificant. The findings have implications for policy makers and managers in sport associations and clubs.     

幼儿园环境对幼儿成长的影响分析

环境对个人的成长至关重要,而幼儿园是幼儿成长发展的重要环境.因此如何实现幼儿环境的高质量发展,是幼儿园发展的重要命题.本文笔者深入分析了幼儿园环境对幼儿成长的影响,提出了几点关键因素.     

替代性世界：学习环境新方向

教育领域一直以评价和采用交互创新技术为先驱,这些交互创新技术为教育技术专家探索计算机辅助的教学提供了实践的土壤＂。替代性世界＂（Alternative worlds）是完全实时的、高保真的、用户高度介入的学习环境。其特点是具有丰富的环境、丰富的接口、操作驱动和有效应用于教与学＂。替代性世界＂在混合式学习中可以冲破传统教育屏障,拓展教师和学习者角色,为学习者提供时间和空间的便利,实现终身学习＂。替代性世界＂学习环境是一个新的研究领域,它为专注于人机交互、社会网络和虚拟现实的教育技术专家开拓了新方向和新空间。     

论“训练感觉”

运动训练是科学与艺术的统一,训练感觉,特别是教练员、运动员直觉判断在运动训练中具有重要的意义：由于目前对训练感觉的研究很少,造成对训练感觉的认识的模糊与误区,更影响训练感觉的应有作用与有效养成。本文采用文献资料、辩证思维等方法,分析了训练感觉的意义、类别和形成。     

当前我国运动训练实践的新思维

重视运动过程,深入研究动态的技术细节,已经成为准确把握项目运动特征的基础和前提条件。对运动能力的认识不能仅停留在静态的距离或时间上,而应该深入到运动的过程中,捕捉并把握关键指标的动态变化,了解运动的全过程。运动训练应转变训练理念,从传统的大运动量低强度训练转变到大运动量高强度的高负荷训练模式上来,这个训练模式称为“高负荷训练法”。无论是以体能为主导的项群,还是以技能为主导的项群,都需要“以赛代练”,但不能“重赛轻练”。运动员在获得“最高运动成绩”时,并不处于“最佳准备状态”。     

恢复能力的可训练性初探

实践运动中恢复作为训练课的从属部分,成为进一步冲击新的体能极限的瓶颈。能否另辟蹊径？将恢复作为训练课的主导内容!方法：大鼠147只,游泳训练2周。按36h超量恢复区间连续在训练后即刻、休息36h取样。结果：①血乳酸、血糖、血尿酸纵向比较;恢复幅度在前5区间呈增加趋势;②肝醣元：训练即刻组前6区间逐步上升,6×36h达峰值。恢复组前5区间维持在较高水平;③肌糖元：训练即刻组前4区间逐步上升,4×36h达峰值。恢复组前5区间维持在较高水平。结论：在小周期训练中,机体的恢复能力具有可训练性。