From social interaction to individual reasoning: an empirical investigation of a possible socio-cultural model of cognitive development

This study explores the theory that individual reasoning ability, as measured using standard reasoning tests, has part of its origin in dialogue with others. In the study, 64 eight- and nine-year-old children were taught the use of ‘exploratory talk’, a type of talk in which joint reasoning is made explicit. The relationship between the talk of the children and the solving of Raven's test problems was studied using discourse analysis of groups working together. The findings of the study support four claims: that use of exploratory talk can improve group reasoning, that exploratory talk can be taught, that the teaching of exploratory talk can successfully transfer between educational contexts and that individual results on a standard non-verbal reasoning test significantly improved as a result of the intervention teaching exploratory talk. Our results offer support for the hypothesis that experience of social reasoning can improve scores on measures of individual reasoning. The stronger hypothesis that general cognitive development is a product of induction into social reasoning remains in doubt.     

Reflection through assessment: A systematic narrative review of teacher feedback and student self-perception

Beginning with two important meta-analyses by Hattie and Timperley (2007) and Shute (2008), the relationship between teacher feedback and student self-perception has received more attention. One way students enact a self-perception is by reflectively writing about their participation within a particular field of study. The current review analyzes how teacher feedback facilitates and supports the formation of self-perception made visible in students’ reflective writing. The following electronic databases were searched up to February 2018: CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, ERIC, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Google Scholar. Five themes in total were constructed. These themes indicate contexts when feedback might lead to students reflecting through writing on a self-perception. Features of feedback that most likely promote this kind of reflection can be described as: content situated, dialogic, and empathic. As a secondary category of themes, feedback should position students as: fluid and/or vulnerable.     

叙述者话语权威的衰落：从权威化到不可靠的叙述者

同一个故事可以由不同的叙述者来叙述,而由谁来叙述、如何叙述正是叙述者的话语权的体现,从这个意义上说,叙述者也是话语争夺的场域。从非人格化的叙述者到人格化的叙述者再到不可靠的叙述者的转变过程,说明叙述者的话语权威在文学史演变过程中逐渐衰落。     

语法衔接手段在语篇分析中的连贯功能

语篇是一个具有整体性的语义单位．不能将其分割开来。在分析语篇时,要注重篇章的连贯性,面篇章的连贯性取决于各种衔接手段的使用。本文主要从语法衔接这一角度。分析照应、替代和省略、连接在语篇分析中的作用．     

The ‘brand name’ research university goes global

This paper traces attempts by two ‘brand-name’ research universities to transnationalise: the US-based Johns Hopkins University, and the University of New South Wales from Australia. Both endeavours were located in, and supported by, Singapore, a city–state with knowledge economy aspirations. The paper explores the globalisation of the research university, and offers insights into the regimes of value that are being assembled in, and through knowledge economies. Both institutions examined in this study failed in their attempts ostensibly because of a lack of fit in goals and commitment. The paper also highlights the ethical issues that frame the globalizing rationalities of research-intensive universities and developmental states seeking competitive advantage in a neoliberalising environment.     

“Here the Scientists Explain What I Said.” Coordination Practices Elicited During the Enactment of the Results and Discussion Sections of Adapted Primary Literature

Adapted primary literature (APL) is a novel text genre that retains the authentic characteristics of primary literature. Learning through APL represents an educational intervention with an authentic scientific context. In this case study, we analyzed the 80-min discourse developed during the enactment of an article from an APL-based curriculum in biotechnology in one class, and examined epistemic practices used by students during their meaning-making of the Results and Discussion sections of the article. Specifically, we examined coordination practices, by which students connected elements belonging to different epistemic status or context (theory, data, experimental stages, biotechnological applications and text). The application of coordination practices was identified more than 70 times during the lesson. In the context of the Results section, the students displayed research-oriented coordination practices, which were frequently associated with claims of comprehension difficulty. In the context of the Discussion section, students displayed text-oriented coordination practices, associated with analysis of the text characteristics. We are suggesting that the research-oriented coordination practices and some of the text-oriented ones enabled the emergence of authentic scientific practices and learning by inquiry. Another type of text-oriented coordination practice enabled reflection on scientists’ experimental processes, enabling learning science as inquiry. The enactment model of APL used here allowed for both the emergence of the two dimensions of inquiry learning and the promotion of scientific literacy in the fundamental and derived senses.     

“It looked like one thing but when we went in more depth,it turned out to be completely different”: Reflections on the Discourse of Guided Reading and its role in fostering critical response to magazines

This article explores the discourses of power prevalent in classrooms through considering the nature of critical response and the role of reflective group talk in negotiating meaning in children's magazines. It shares the findings from a small‐scale research project, which explored the potential of guided reading to develop critically literate response to text and reports on a case study involving two groups of pupils from broadly similar primary schools. A critique of guided teaching is offered and it is argued that while on some levels the model seems an effective vehicle for fostering critical response, its inherent power structures bring into question the validity of its role in facilitating independent critical thought.     

试析《致切斯菲尔德伯爵书》的七项话语建构

塞缪尔·约翰逊在英语历史上极为重要,但在中国主要以字典编撰者闻名,文学成就多被忽视。《致切斯菲尔德伯爵书》是英语学习者很熟悉的作品,也从许多视角获得了有价值的评论。但是严格说来,这些分析主要集中在约翰逊的生平,文章的修辞手法等方面,缺乏深层次的批评。通过分析《致切斯菲尔德伯爵书》中的七项话语建构,可以见出约翰逊的文学天赋及语言力量。     

跨国教育动因分析及其本土关注

20世纪80年代后逐渐发展起来的跨国教育是指学习者的学习所在国不同于教育提供机构所立足国家的教育活动.这一高等教育国际化的新趋势的产生既有国际性的共同驱动因素,也因各国不同的背景与条件而有着各自的特殊驱动因素.对这些驱动因素的深刻分析与理解将有助于我国更好地融入全球跨国教育的大环境之中,对各种动因的本土关注是我国在输入国外优质教育资源的同时保持本国独特性,同本国情况相适应、相融合的必然要求,其最终目的在于增强本国高等教育的吸引力和竞争性.     

国家空间能力测度与国际比较研究

健全可靠的空间能力已经成为当前国家生存和发展的战略基础,全面准确的测度则是评估空间能力、制定国家空间政策的重要保障。从对空间活动的理论分析入手,总结了空间活动的主体及其能力属性,并在此基础上重新界定了国家空间能力,提出了国家空间能力测度指标体系;研究了空间产业分类、空间专利数据获取方法,分析比较了大量国内外公开数据源,并结合调查数据,解决了空间能力测度中的数据获取难问题;最后,对包括我国在内的八个主要国家（和地区）的空间能力进行测度与国际比较研究。