小学生学习适应性研究

研究发现，小学生总体学习适应水平比全国理论水平高得多。综合小学低，中，高年级适应不良率来看，小学中年级适应性最差。就学习适应性不良的学生来说，城乡之间无显差异，但性别方面有显差异。就学习适应优良的学生而言，城乡之间无显差异，而性别之间虽亦无显差异，但从各分项测验看，男生优良率明显低于女生。     

Attitudes Toward Teaching Prevention and Developmental Issues Among Turkish Counselor Educators

The goal of this study was to determine existing attitudes of Turkish counselor educators regarding the need to emphasize prevention and developmental issues in counselor education programs and to propose ways of incorporating these functions into the counseling area as necessary. Data were collected via questionnaire from 104 counselor educators who have been working at Turkish universities. Of the 50 professors, 23 instructors and 31 research assistants who responded, 36 had prior school counselor experience and 68 had not. The counselor educators reported they had given less attention to prevention and developmental issues in their courses than other issues, but indicated positive attitudes towards teaching preventive and developmental issues.     

父辈社会分层对子代教育期望的影响研究——以藏族小学生及家长为例

藏族地区父辈社会分层对子代教育期望有着深刻影响。采用问卷法和统计法等对藏族地区小学生的家庭结构、父母学历、父母职业、户籍所在地、语言文化、教育投入等因素进行研究。发现：父母学历及职业、语言文化及家庭结构等各因素对小学生教育期望影响显著,基于此分析,提出合理建议。     

Private tutoring in a high socio-economic secondary school in Israel and pupils’ attitudes towards school learning: A double-edged sword phenomenon

Private tutoring (PT) is a widespread educational phenomenon that blurs the conceptual boundaries of public and private education and can affect the formal school system and teachers’ work. This study examined whether participation in PT and the estimation of private tutors’ contributions are related to pupils’ attitudes towards teachers’ effectiveness. Based on a questionnaire administered to all pupils (n = 855) from Grades 7 to 10 from one secondary school located in an affluent area at the centre of Israel (respondence rate, 83.2%), it was found that overall, there were few differences in students’ attitudes between participants in PT compared to those who did not participate in PT. However, among those who participate in PT, their attitudes towards school teachers are related to the distinction between the academic and social-affective contribution of private tutors. When PT is related to academic spheres, it enhances positive attitudes towards school teachers and when PT is related to socio-affective aspects, it increases criticism. The findings highlight the complex interactions of PT with mainstream education and emphasise the challenges school teachers face in view of the trend for more personalised learning approaches.     

Using an adaptation programme to introduce children to the early years of schooling in Slovakia

The article presents a new adaptation programme entitled ‘With a smile to school’ for pupils of the first year at primary schools. The adaptation programme comprises several methods and measures which are focused on the regulation of pupils’ adaptation process. The efficiency and effectiveness of the adaptation programme were verified through an experiment at selected primary schools in Slovakia in the school year 2016/2017. Based on the experiment results, a proposal for implementation of the adaptation programme to school practice was drawn up. The experiment results were evaluated by means of selected statistical methods.     

小学生感恩情感的培养措施浅析

感恩是指个体感知到别人帮助自己的倾向或帮助自己的行为所产生的一种感激积极情绪。小学生的感恩对其成长有着重要意义,能帮助他们提高学习动机、提升道德修养、避免出现问题行为或有利于问题行为的克服。本文通过对感恩情感理论研究的回顾,探究影响感恩的因素,提出培养小学生感恩情感的策略。     

小学生学校生活质量(QSL)调查研究——以北京市2248名学生为例

学校生活质量是衡量学校效能的重要因素,可以分为物质条件、校园安全、健康、学习、师生关系、同伴关系、参与和全纳八个维度。通过对北京市2248名小学生学校生活质量进行的问卷调查发现:第一,北京市小学生学校生活质量总体上达到了较高水平,其中校园安全、师生关系、同伴关系三个维度的学校生活质量最高,健康维度最低;第二,小学生学校生活质量在性别、学业成绩、学校位置、学校优劣、择校与否等人口学变量上存在显著差异,且人口学变量在多个维度上存在着主效应和交互影响效应。该研究为分析评估小学生学校生活质量提供了重要的参考指标,建议将学生身体健康纳入到学校管理体系中;对学业成就的追求要建立在健康第一的基础上;要考虑到性别差异和成绩的差异,给予那些处于不利地位的学生更多的关爱和照顾;要给择校生更多的关怀,提高其学校生活质量。     

Named entity recognition in Turkish: A comparative study with detailed error analysis

Named entity recognition aims to detect pre-determined entity types in unstructured text. There is a limited number of studies on this task for low-resource languages such as Turkish. We provide a comprehensive study for Turkish named entity recognition by comparing the performances of existing state-of-the-art models on the datasets with varying domains to understand their generalization capability and further analyze why such models fail or succeed in this task. Our experimental results, supported by statistical tests, show that the highest weighted F1 scores are obtained by Transformer-based language models, varying from 80.8% in tweets to 96.1% in news articles. We find that Transformer-based language models are more robust to entity types with a small sample size and longer named entities compared to traditional models, yet all models have poor performance for longer named entities in social media. Moreover, when we shuffle 80% of words in a sentence to imitate flexible word order in Turkish, we observe more performance deterioration, 12% in well-written texts, compared to 7% in noisy text.     

素材积累是作文的源头活水———从小学高年级学生的作文困惑说起简

通过对小学高年级学生进行访谈调查,发现目前小学生作文存在的主要问题是：写作本质失真,人文关怀缺席;生活空间闭塞,直接体验缺乏;观察能力薄弱,直接感受欠缺;阅读积累不足,资料记忆不够．针对这种现象。特提出以下解决策略：树立正确的作文观,回归本真;扩展生活空间,丰富体验;培养观察能力,锻炼思维;形成良好阅读习惯,积累写作灵感。