澳大利亚体育外交战略:经验与启示

分析澳大利亚政府为实现其"富有创造力的中等强国"目标而在体育促进发展、体育外交领域实施的一系列资助计划和发展战略,将澳大利亚体育外交战略规划与实践的成功之处概括为6个方面,即体育外交与国家发展战略高度关联、战略目标关注国际社会前沿议题、战略实施中建立多元合作伙伴模式、战略资金保障制度健全、重视发挥大型体育赛事作用、实施体育外交绩效评估。据此提出对中国体育外交的启示:①持续增强体育综合实力,获得广泛国际认可;②构建中国体育外交战略,坚持周边体育外交优先发展;③提供具有吸引力的体育思想,主导国际体育秩序变迁;④建立多元体育外交合作模式,充分动员各种社会力量;⑤重视体育外交绩效评估,确保实现国家核心利益。     

澳大利亚职业教育与培训体系特征

1995年澳大利亚建立了职业教育与培训的国家资格框架体系,全国统一的国家资格证书和互认的学分制使澳大利亚的职业教育与普通教育、高等教育最大限度地实现了"交互式"融通。TAFE学院为职业教育与培训的主体机构,课程面向职前、职后及不同年龄段人士设置,专业教师有3至5年的行业工作经历。行业协会参与职业教育的决策和管理,负责教学质量评估。澳洲政府出台并实施了一系列职业教育法规,政府投资占职业教育投资总额的97%。     

美国非正式科学教育的发展经验及对我国的启示

通过对目前美国学生的非正式科学教育发展历史演变过程的阐释与其当代特点的分析,揭示出美国非正式科学教育,已发展到以学习科学研究为基础和以政策支持为保障的成熟期。我国目前学生的非正式科学教育处于不成熟期,其改革与发展不仅需要包括科学界在内的相关部门的支持和加强相关基础研究工作,而且需要进行中国传统文化的改造、政策制定和实施过程的民主环境建设以及需要有效的评价手段和技术的完善。     

Years since migration and wellbeing among Indian and Sri Lankan skilled migrants in Australia: Mediating effects of acculturation

The present study investigated language, identity and behavioral acculturation experiences and personal wellbeing among 306 Sri Lankan and Indian skilled migrant employees using a cross-sectional survey. The results indicated that participants were more acculturated to their heritage culture compared to the host culture. The majority of Sri Lankan and Indian skilled migrants were moderately acculturated into Australian society, and were most acculturated in the language dimension, followed by the behavior and identity dimensions respectively. Years since migration predicted overall host acculturation but not overall heritage acculturation. While overall heritage acculturation predicted personal wellbeing, overall host acculturation was a stronger predictor. Testing of a mediation model demonstrated that overall host acculturation fully mediated the relationship between years since migration and wellbeing. Further analysis showed that only host identity and language acculturation, and not host behavior acculturation, mediated the relationship between years since migration and wellbeing. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

‘On British Felony the Sun Never Sets’

ABSTRACT

This article examines the narratives of three political prisoners transported to New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land: the French-Canadian François-Xavier Prieur, the American Linus Miller, and the Irishman John Mitchel. It shows that the three ‘politicals’ sought to portray the suffering of political convicts as greater than that of the convict majority, from which they distanced themselves in terms of class, piety and honour. It also demonstrates how the three men critiqued the British Empire and the convict system in Australia, how they wrote (in some instances, re-wrote) their lives for their audience, and how they defined themselves in the convict colonies.     

The Effects of National Culture and Face Concerns on Intention to Apologize: A Comparison of the USA and China

The current study examined national culture differences between US American and Chinese participants (N?=?317) regarding face need concerns and apology intention, based on positive and negative face needs (Brown & Levinson, 1987 Brown, P and Levinson, SC. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usages, Cambridge, , UK: Cambridge University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) and concerns for self-face and other-face (Ting-Toomey, 2005 Ting-Toomey, S. 2005. “The matrix of face: An updated face-negotiation theory”. In Theorizing about intercultural communication, Edited by: Gudykunst, WB. 71–92. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.  [Google Scholar]). Participants read vignettes that varied in relationship types (in-group vs. out-group members) and situation types (negative face vs. positive face threatening) and responded to scales measuring realism of the vignettes, intention to apologize, and five types of face need concerns. The findings showed that Chinese participants, compared to US Americans, had stronger intentions to apologize when their acts threatened the other person's positive face, while US American participants, compared to Chinese, had stronger intentions to apologize when their acts threatened the other's negative face. Other findings and implications thereof are discussed.     

中美大学课堂教学比较研究

以美国大学课堂教学的实际调研为背景,采用比较研究方法,借鉴美国大学课堂教学强调互动的成功经验,反思我国大学课堂教学存在的问题,归纳出我国大学课堂教学方法特点,总结出美国大学课堂教学的特点。在此基础上,较系统地对中美大学课堂教学进行对比分析,对我国大学课堂教学方法提出改进意见。     

Understanding others Kellyian theory,methodology and applicationComprendre les autres la théorie de Kelly: methodologie et applicationEntendimiemto de los otros la teoría de Kelly: metodología y applicación

This article discusses Kelly's theory of personal constructs and its Repertory grid technique as means of revealing the nature of cultural differences and similarities. It shows how Kelly's theory relates to cognitive theory, implicit personality theory and subjective culture theory. According to Kelly, people and groups are best understood in terms of the ways they anticipate events. People are all psychologists since they employ constructs. These bases of discrimination are bipolar in nature and open to revision. A group's culture is summarized by its members' shared superordinate constructs. Kelly's Commonality Corollary explains that members of a group are similar because they use the same constructs to order events. Kelly's Sociality Corollary states that, in order to enter into a relationship with others, people need first to subsume the others' personal constructs. His custom-built Repertory grid elicits constructs by having a person decide how in a matrix other people, for example, are similar and different. In the rated grid form, each person or element is rated from most to least on the positive pole of each construct. Either principal components or cluster analysis or multidimensional scaling can reveal the interviewed person's superordinate dimensions of appraisal. As an emic technique, the grid is contrasted with the semantic differential and other fixed-format tests. A review of the personal construct literature shows that many individuals and cultural groups have been explained in their own terms. In this research, difference is construed as interesting and others are understood by construing their construction processes as a first step towards approval.     

美国"数字图书馆"课程指定阅读材料的调查与分析

本文基于ALA认可的LIS学科的学校清单,比较全面调查了美国LIS学科中“数字图书馆”课程由教师指定阅读材料的情况,分析了这些阅读材料的主题分布,统计了核心学术专著、核心学术论文、核心学术期刊和核心作者。该统计结果对我国“数字图书馆”课程教学(尤其是研究生教育)具有重要的参考价值。     

抗美援朝战争与我党对台政策

解放台湾,实现统一,是中共一直坚持的目标。从新中国成立到抗美援朝战争,中共坚持以武力歼灭国民党残余力量,解放台湾。然而,抗美援朝战争使中共中央面临的局势发生重大变化,中共中央被迫暂缓武力解放台湾的步伐。抗美援朝战争结束后,中共中央根据形势的变化,逐渐提出以和平的方式实现统一。