澳大利亚职业教育特色与改革

本文介绍了澳大利亚职业教育体系、特点,以及公立职业技术学院(TAFE学院)面对变化的职业教育市场采取的改革应对措施。通过借鉴经验,笔者提出了我国职业教育改革和所在学校的教学改革建议。     

Does daddy know best? Exploring the relationship between paternal sexual communication and safe sex practices among African-American women

Parental sexual risk communication may influence women's sexual decision-making and safe sexual behaviours. While many studies have focused specifically on the influence of communication from mothers, some authors have argued for the importance of examining father–daughter sexual risk communication as well. However, few studies have empirically examined this relationship among African-American women. The present study sought to expand the literature by examining the relationship between various sexual risk messages received from paternal caregivers and the safe sexual practices of a sample of 171 African-American women from the Midwest USA. Results suggested that receiving messages from paternal caregivers cautioning participants about the intentions of men in romantic relationships was related to an increased likelihood of participants asking intimate partners about their sexual history. However, these messages were inversely related to safer condom practices. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.     

GLBTIQ teachers in Australian education policy: protections,suspicions, and restrictions

Recognition of human rights on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity and intersex status by the United Nations has led to the development of new policies concerning homophobia and transphobia in educational contexts. This paper examines new Australian education policies impacting gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer (GLBTIQ) teachers. A policy review uncovered a range of protections for GLBTIQ teachers in contexts such as the State of Victoria, alongside restrictions. Experiences of policy discussed in pilot study data from surveys of 63 Victorian GLBTIQ teachers, and in-depth interviews with nine Victorian GLBTIQ teachers, revealed that GLBTIQ teachers were relatively unaware of the protections available to them, compared to their awareness of protections for students. Many teachers were out as lesbian or gay to some staff members but fewer had come out to students. Teachers in religious schools had more difficulties, causing some to leave the sector. Further promotion of protections and more research are recommended.     

澳大利亚《健康与体育课程标准》解析与启示

对澳大利亚《健康与体育课程标准(学前教育—10年级)》(2016版)进行解读后认为,其课程设计坚持以学生学习成果为导向(Outcome-based education,简称OBE);课程目标更加关注学生“高层次认知能力”的发展;课程内容实现了编排的精细化以及“内外”融合;强调体育学科对学生通用能力发展的独特价值;更加注重探究、体验等学习方法的运用。结合我国义务教育体育与健康课程改革的实际情况,提出相关建议:1)采用基于学习成果为导向的课程设计理念;2)落实健康教育;3)兼顾体育学科对核心素养发展的基础与独特贡献。     

沈从文文学在欧美国家传播及研究述评

沈从文的文学对外传播已经走过了近90年的历史征程,域外的沈从文文学传播与研究成果虽然在整体上不如中国,但其作品在域外传播时所引起的影响却不容小觑,特别是在欧美国家;在国内还没有形成对沈从文的系统研究之前,美国学者就已经撰写、出版了重点介绍沈从文的《中国现代小说史》和《沈从文评传》、《沈从文传》等有影响的学术专著,译介成果也卓有成就。因此,就沈从文文学作品在欧美国家的传播与研究状况进行系统梳理,对目前国内的沈从文研究而言很有必要,而且也很重要。     

History of education research in Australia: some current trends and possible directions for the future

The history of education as a distinct field has been the focus of study, research and writing in Australia for over a century. It achieved maturity with the establishment of the Australian and New Zealand History of Education Society in 1970 and the subsequent establishment of the Society’s journal, History of Education Review. Since then, Australian scholars have been major contributors to the field, with certain individuals being key players on the world stage. Taking cognisance of this background, this paper considers current trends and directions for the future. It does so by focusing on three areas: scholarship on topics relating specifically to Australia; the use of new methods; and Australian-based scholars contributing to scholarship where the focus is beyond their immediate geographical boundaries.     

The European Union,China, and the United States in the top-1% and top-10% layers of most-frequently cited publications: Competition and collaborations

The percentages of shares of world publications of the European Union and its member states, China, and the United States have been represented differently as a result of using different databases. An analytical variant of the Web-of-Science (of Thomson Reuters) enables us to study the dynamics in the world publication system in terms of the field-normalized top-1% and top-10% most-frequently cited publications. Comparing the EU28, USA, and China at the global level shows a top-level dynamic that is different from the analysis in terms of shares of publications: the United States remains far more productive in the top-1% of all papers; China drops out of the competition for elite status; and the EU28 increased its share among the top-cited papers from 2000 to 2010. Some of the EU28 member states overtook the United States during this decade; but a clear divide remains between EU15 (Western Europe) and the Accession Countries. Network analysis shows that China was embedded in this top-layer of internationally co-authored publications. These publications often involve more than a single European nation.     

美国“州共同核心标准”实施中的问题及其原因分析

“州共同核心标准”的实施是美国教育标准化运动的又一步推进。在联邦政府的财政支持下,这一标准得到大部分州的积极响应并得以实施;然而,其在推行过程中,也面·临着财政困难、相关教育人士的质疑以及部分父母和教师的反对等问题。这些问题背后的原因包括教育分权体制的深远影响、人们对标准化运动成效的质疑以及对与标准挂钩的评价体制的反对。     

“创意”澳大利亚研究

近年来,强调创意文化逐渐成为澳大利亚文化发展的重要特点之一,澳大利亚政府对发展文化创意产业的支持、对艺术家和创意工作者的资助、在文化教育中鼓励学生培养创新能力、在文化外交和文化出口方面重视创意文化输出等多个方面的做法,都体现了澳政府对于发展创意文化的重视和力度。     

澳大利亚汉语教学质量提高与本土汉语教师培训

澳大利亚作为一个多元文化移民国家,政府鼓励学校开设多种语言课程,并为学生的语言文化学习提供各种鼓励机制。华人移居澳洲最早可追述于19世纪中期,并在近年来增长更为明显。随着华人社区的扩大,中国国际地位的提升,以及中澳两国紧密的合作关系,越来越多的澳洲中小学开设汉语课程。2014年即将颁布的新的全国汉语教学大纲更成为汉语作为澳洲学校科目发展史上的重要里程碑。然而,透过汉语教学欣欣向荣的表面冷观其实践,汉语教学在澳洲学校的进展却差强人意。具体表现在学习汉语学生的人数随着年级的升高而逐渐减少,高年级汉语学生多为母语留学生,汉语非母语学生语言学习效果不佳因而缺乏成就感,等等。这样的现状和汉语学习本身的难度以及学校课程设置的合理性有关,但同时也与汉语教学的整体质量紧密相关。笔者认为,提高澳大利亚学校汉语教学的整体水准从而鼓励更多的学生学习并喜爱汉语所需采取的关键措施之一是加强对汉语教师的专业培训。本文旨在阐述和分析当前澳洲本土对汉语教师的职前教育和在职培训,从而为其进一步提高提供借鉴。