The creation of spin-off firms at public research institutions: Managerial and policy implications

We consider the managerial and policy implications of the rise of spin-offs at public research institutions (PRIs), based on a knowledge-based view (KBV) of the firm. This framework highlights the importance of knowledge in the creation and development of spin-offs. We argue that in order to understand the development of spin-offs, researchers should focus on “knowledge gaps” these new ventures encounter. Knowledge gaps can occur at different levels of aggregation, including the PRI, spin-off, team, individual, incubator, and at different stages of spin-off development. Based on this framework, we synthesize findings from previous studies and papers in the special issue and offer some suggestions for additional research on spin-offs from PRIs.     

30Mn20A13低温钢及其焊缝金属的低温韧性

以低温冲击试验、金相和扫描电镜研究了３０Ｍｎ２０Ａ１３低温钢及其用配套的Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ａｌ焊丝由手工钨极氩弧焊焊接该钢的焊缝全属的低温韧性、组织结构和断裂方式．实验结果表明，３０Ｍｎ２０Ａ１３低温钢的低温韧性优于两相区处理（１０７３Ｋ１ｈ·ＷＱ＋９４３Ｋ１ｈ·ＷＱ＋８５８Ｋ１ｈ·ＡＣ）的９％Ｎｉ钢和固溶处理的奥氏体不锈钢１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ；焊缝金属７７Ｋ的冲击韧性相当于两相区处理的９％Ｎｉ钢，且高于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ．焊缝金属为单相奥氏体组织，它与母材在７７Ｋ呈现塑性韧窝断裂。３０Ｍｎ２０Ａ１３低温钢可作为低温结构材料用于７７Ｋ以上温区，配套的Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ａｌ焊丝适合于３０Ｍｎ２０Ａ１３低温钢结构件的焊接。     

边疆万里数字文化长廊的建设与发展研究

针对偏远地区公共文化服务盲点问题,文化部启动建设"边疆万里数字文化长廊"。本文阐述了边疆万里数字文化长廊的建设目标、建设方法,并介绍了各地区的建设方式及服务手段,以及社会化合作的成功经验,提出"十三五"时期,边疆万里数字文化长廊建设发展的对策建议。     

Licensing a non-drastic innovation under double informational asymmetry

This paper deals with the problem faced by a patentee owning a new production process whose value is unknown ex ante. The patentee must license the new technology to users in order to profit from it, and each potential licensee has production costs using the technology that are unknown to everyone until after contracting, at which point each licensee gets private information about her own costs. Moreover, the patentee cannot observe outputs of potential licensees and, therefore, must use lump-sum rather than per unit royalty schedules to license the technology. In this setting, the optimal licensing scheme from both the industry and the innovator viewpoints is defined, as well as the socially optimal dynamic industrial structure to market the technology. Welfare aspects of regulation on patents length are also discussed in this context.     

A comparative study of new venture top management team composition, dynamics and performance between university-based and independent start-ups

The current study tests for differences in top management team (TMT) composition (education, functional expertise, industry experience, and skill), dynamics (shared strategic cognition, potency, cohesion, and conflict) and performance (net cash flow and revenue growth) between a sample of 102 high-technology university-based start-ups and an otherwise equivalently matched sample of 154 independent high-technology new ventures. The results find university-based start-ups to be comprised of more homogenous TMTs with less developed dynamics than their independent counterparts. Further, university-based start-ups are found to be significantly lower performing in terms of net cash flow and revenue growth than independent new ventures.     

上海竞技体育在“十三五”期间发展路径探索

上海体育要建成具有知名度和影响力的国际体育都市,就要走出一条具有时代特征、中国特色、上海特点的创新驱动发展的新路。上海竞技体育在新形势下面临着创新驱动发展的机遇,也面临着挖掘竞技体育社会价值、改变竞技体育发展观念等诸多挑战。到2020年中国将全面建成小康社会,竞技体育在历史进程中承担着重要的使命。     

基于条形码输入的实验室设备信息管理系统

以苏州市职业大学电子信息工程系实验中心的实验室管理为对象,提出开发全新的符合高校实验室管理要求的信息系统。在研究高校实验室基本业务流程的基础上,设计了实验中心管理系统的功能逻辑架构。初步实现了满足实验中心要求的LIMS系统,包括设备增加管理、设备调拨管理、设备报废管理、人员管理、维护管理、设备资源的动态查询和报表制作。在设备管理系统的研究设计中,提出了将设备条形码与设备图片一一对应的新思路,将图像与数据结合起来,给管理人员以直观的查询感受。     

Experienced entrepreneurial founders, organizational capital, and venture capital funding

This paper empirically investigates the sourcing and valuation of venture capital (VC) funding among entrepreneurs with varied levels of prior start-up founding experience, academic training, and social capital. Social ties with VCs have been identified as an important precursor to organizational resource attainment and performance, and so this study analyzes the correlates of heterogeneous social links with VCs. I also examine venture valuation, as it reflects enterprise quality and entrepreneurs’ cost of financial capital. Using data from a survey of 149 early stage technology-based start-up firms, I find several notable results. First, prior founding experience (especially financially successful experience) increases both the likelihood of VC funding via a direct tie and venture valuation. Second, founders’ ability to recruit executives via their own social network (as opposed to the VC's network) is positively associated with venture valuation. Finally, in the emerging (at the time) Internet industry, founding teams with a doctoral degree holder are more likely to be funded via a direct VC tie and receive higher valuations, suggesting a signaling effect. The paper therefore underscores some important dimensions of heterogeneity among VC-backed entrepreneurs.     

Neues zur beruflichen Anerkennung im EU-Bereich

Die berufliche Anerkennung im EU-Bereich war bisher durch ein Konvolut zahlreicher und wenig übersichtlicher Regelungen geprägt, weshalb sich eine Orientierung auf diesem Gebiet nicht gerade einfach gestaltete. Durch die neue RL 2005/36 über die Anerkennung von Berufsqualifikationen erfolgt nunmehr die bereits längst nötige Harmonisierung. Der folgende Beitrag bietet eine Übersicht zur beruflichen Anerkennung, wobei insbesondere die wichtigsten Inhalte der neuen RL – vom Anerkennungssystem bis zu den Kontaktstellen – zur Darstellung gelangen.     

十三五期间图书馆战略转型和发展研究

"十三五"期间,图书馆面临的社会环境、人文环境、技术环境、网络环境和服务环境等将发生很大的变化,全新环境要求图书馆必须顺时而为、创新思路、抢占先机,实现战略转型和跨越式发展。本文依据信息技术的发展趋势,图书馆内在发展规律和外在环境的客观要求,从宏观层面探讨了未来5年图书馆的主要转型方向。就如何实现转型进行了前瞻性的分析和研究,提出了应对策略和实施办法。