美国中小学教育改革新动向*--“力争上游”学区竞争计划述评

2012年8月16日美国教育部发布了“力争上游”学区竞争计划的联邦公告,这标志着美国中小学教育改革战略“力争上游”开始从州层面转向学区层面.这项计划通过创设个性化的学习环境、聚焦教室层面的教和学的改革来提高学生成绩和教育工作者的效率.这项计划的最终目标是促进美国基础教育均衡发展和使美国所有学生都能享受世界一流教育.本文基于计划出台背景的分析,介绍了这项计划的主要内容及为我国带来的启示.     

Information ambiguity,patents and the market value of innovative assets

Research and development (R&D) is often essential for firms’ profitability and growth. At the same time, R&D is long-term and risky. We show that innovation activities lead to information ambiguity about the future value of firms’ assets. This effect appears to be more pronounced for small and less reputed firms. Information ambiguity further lowers firms’ market value and, in particular, the market value of innovative assets. We further show that high quality patents mitigate the negative effect of information ambiguity to some extent.     

Institutional complementarities: The origins of experimentation in China’s plug-in electric vehicle industry

A vast literature on technology transitions within industries suggests that early phases of new technologies are marked by periods of intense experimentation, but we know little about the conditions under which these periods emerge. We apply inductive, grounded theory-building techniques to examine what prompts firms to experiment across one emerging technology platform—plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)—in China. Triangulating annual vehicle make and model sales data from 2003 to 2016 (plus monthly data from 2010 to 2016); 112 English and Mandarin archival documents from industry, academic, and news outlets; and 51 semi-structured interviews with industry, government, and academic stakeholders, we develop four in-depth case studies. We find that in contrast to the innovation trajectories of multinational and Chinese arms of joint venture (JV) firms, independent domestic Chinese firms (those with no history of international JV partnerships) are undertaking significant experimentation across multiple levels—infrastructure, core system, subsystem, and component—of the emerging PEV technology platform. We propose the concept of “institutional complementarities” to describe how interactions among institutions—here the national JV regulation and local market support and subsidies—may have turned regional markets into protected laboratories, extending the incubation periods for independent domestic firm experimentation. While this diverse experimentation may be an important antecedent of technology transition, consolidation induced by national policy standardization or competitive pressure may be required for PEV innovations to scale beyond their early, protected regional markets.     

数据驱动视野下高校智慧图书馆建设及服务规划——兼论“十四五”时期智慧图书馆发展路径

[目的/意义] 在科研全面数据化和“十四五”规划的背景下，高校图书馆建设方向和路径对教学和科研具有重大影响，本文旨在提出图书馆智慧化转型的下一步落地和实践思路。[方法/过程] 梳理高校图书馆发展现状，解析发展新态势，以数据意识为出发点，尝试构建智慧图书馆在技术、服务、空间等方面的发展方案。[结果/结论] 智慧图书馆的建设应重点在智能设备、智慧服务平台和智慧空间上“下深功”，此外还需在馆员角色和联盟建设上深入思考。     

赋能存量 做优增量 把握变量——面向“十四五”的国内高校图书馆文献信息资源建设思考

[目的/意义]面向“十四五”的高校图书馆文献信息资源建设既是整体规划的重要组成部分,又是图书馆的服务保障与基础条件。明确编制过程、调研重点、发展思路与实施措施,对于高校图书馆中长期的文献信息资源建设战略有重要的指导作用和现实意义。[方法/过程]结合文献调研与行业观察和分析,采取案例研究、政策文本解读、比较研究等方法,总结高校图书馆制订文献信息资源建设“十四五”规划的策略与发展思路。[结果/结论]文献信息资源建设的总体思路是赋能存量、做优增量和把握变量,针对新发展阶段高校图书馆的目标与任务,提出具体的实施策略。     

A(副相)/Nd_2Fe_(14)B(主相)系列双相纳米晶复合永磁体的研究

介绍了双相纳米晶ＮｄＦｅＢ复合永磁材料的设计与制备工艺，以及它的最新研究进展和研究方向．     

Video tutorials revisited: The relationship between their use and library assessment quiz scores

There is considerable literature evaluating video tutorials. By the first decade of the twenty-first century, research established that online video tutorials performed as well as traditional face-to-face instruction. However, there is little evidence that students actually viewed the tutorials. This study compares postinstruction assessment quiz scores from one class over four semesters with usage statistics for five video tutorials during the same time frame. The data indicate that students do view the tutorials. However, the results also show that usage statistics, together with quiz scores, declined as students progressed through the five tutorials. Additionally, the study determined that there was no positive correlation between the number of viewings and postviewing assessment scores.     

Internationalizing Reference Education

Reference instruction should also involve preparing library and information science students for working with international students. There are numerous options for embedding such content into courses. In addition, professional organizations offers students with many opportunities to launch their international experiences.     

无机化学中自由焓——氧化态图的应用

无机化学中元素及其化合物的氧化还原性在不同介质中、不同氧化态时表现出较大差异,其变化规律不易把握。可应用元素及其化合物的自由焓-氧化态图对其相对稳定性、歧化反应发生的可能性、氧化还原反应进行的趋向性以及氧化还原能力大小等性质进行判断。     

国内A股上市公司经营业绩的评价和改进建议——基于板块的DEA分析

数据包络分析(DEA)对于多投入与多产出的企业来讲是一种相对较为全面的业绩评价分析方法。文章采用上市公司能源板块的基本面数据,对能源板块诸公司的基本面和经营业绩进行了实证研究。通过DEA的技术效率和规模效益分析,从两方面得出结论:首先,为达到理想的经营业绩,非DEA有效的上市公司应按照技术效率和松驰变量的取值改变投入或产出量,根据规模效益指示的方向改进经营规模;其次,投资者应根据技术效率和各决策单元被参考次数理性地选择最优投资对象。