The potential role of citizen conservation in re-shaping approaches to murals in an urban context

Public visual spaces, populated by a blend of community murals, unauthorised street art, and historic painted mercantile signs, are often the mark of an urban environment that is both progressive and eclectic. Changes in the aesthetic and cultural value of these urban mural forms have led to an increase in the appreciation and, in some instances, promotion of their artistic merit and cultural significance as examples of public art. However, examining the significance of these works, with a view to implementing a conservation approach is problematic. This is due to a number of practical and theoretical considerations that are primarily a result of the ephemeral existence of urban murals outside conventional exhibition spaces, and issues associated with their often fragmented ownership and uncertain authorship. Consequently, larger thinking on the interpretation, conservation assessment, and advocacy for the conservation of urban murals are required. Key to defining and implementing such strategies is contextualising the public visual spaces that these murals occupy and, as part of this, the local and wider communities’ perception of these murals as culturally significant objects as well as fostering awareness and understanding of appropriate measures aimed at their conservation. This paper examines the role of citizen science, or crowd-sourcing, of local community members in establishing a conservation dialogue and generating conservation- relevant data on urban murals. It looks specifically at a project involving a collection of in situ historic painted mercantile signs — also known as ghost signs — in the City of Port Phillip, Melbourne, Australia. The project fostered the establishment of an informed and open dialogue between conservation specialists and participants from the local community on the significance of local ghost signs whilst transferring knowledge on conservation processes and assessment methods. Working directly with community members, a programme was designed in which conservation and community knowledge of these urban art forms, could be collected and exchanged across digital platforms. This enabled researchers to examine how citizen science can be utilised as a research tool as well as a means to advocate for the conservation of collections of urban murals. It created the opportunity to consider the role of non-specialists and shared authorities in the collection and collation of conservation- relevant data and how information generated from what we call citizen conservation projects, can inform the way in which conservators evaluate and prioritize the conservation of urban cultural heritage. The data gathered and interpreted proved to be the most effective means of ‘conserving’ these often ephemeral forms of cultural material.     

邯郸市和谐社会创建的城市生态基础分析

运用生态学和城市生态学理论,通过对邯郸市的城市结构、城市功能、城市协调度分析,得出邯郸市城市和谐指数为240.94,全省11个地级市中排第8位.通过本文分析旨在找出邯郸市和谐社会创建的城市生态基础问题,提出针对性的解决方案,促进邯郸市城市的和谐发展.     

“They Even Speak Tsotsitaal with Their Teachers at School”: The Use (and Abuse) of African Urban Youth Languages in Educational Contexts

Abstract

African Urban Youth Languages (AUYLs) are increasingly coming under the spotlight of linguists and sociolinguists across the continent, who are investigating their relationship to standard and/or vernacular varieties. Simultaneously, they are being discussed by educators and education researchers, although little has yet been published in this critical area. The difficulties for educators posed by students speaking “non-standard” varieties has been highlighted by recent studies investigating literacy and language in the classroom. This article presents an overview of some of the challenges posed to education by AUYLs. It considers recent studies of AUYLs in educational contexts from around the continent. It then presents data from South Africa which highlights different orientations towards the South African AUYL “Tsotsitaal” in educational domains. The argument is made that the position of both teachers and pupils is vulnerable, and that the legitimacy of the distinction between standard language and urban vernacular language needs to be reconsidered.     

"地籍管理"中城乡地籍一体化管理教学的探讨

随着我国土地管理业务的发展,地籍管理的内容也在不断更新。作为现代地籍管理重要内容的城乡地籍一体化管理,在现行的大多数教材中涉及较少。为使现在的在校大学生毕业后能适应快速发展的地籍管理业务,应在“地籍管理”教学中强化城乡地籍一体化管理的教学,并贯穿于整个教学过程中。本文阐述了城乡地籍一体化教学的必要性,对教学内容的安排、教学重点和难点的设置、教学方法及实践环节的设计进行了探讨,以期对“地籍管理”课程的教学有所裨益。     

高职教育服务城乡经济研究综述

在文献调研基础上,将近年来高职服务城乡经济的相关研究划分成三个阶段,即以高职教育经济服务功能确立、适应城乡经济发展为焦点的早期研究,以高职教育主动服务城乡经济及实现路径为焦点的中期研究,以及以高职教育与城乡经济统筹发展关系及实现路径为焦点的近期研究。并评述了各阶段研究的不足,对未来研究重点进行了展望。     

我国城市房屋拆迁法律制度瑕疵之分析

城市房屋拆迁已经成为当前城市化运动中一项重要活动,然而由于我国城市房屋拆迁法律制度违背宪法与法律,物权保护制度缺位、不同性质拆迁项目混同、房屋补偿标准不明、补偿原则欠公平是导致拆迁纠纷不断产生的根本原因。     

Educational Inequity from the Perspectives of Those Who Live It: Urban Middle School Students’ Perspectives on the Quality of their Education

In interviews with over 250 urban young adolescents, many students make it clear that they are acutely aware of the educational inequities that exist in their schools and that these inequities are having a negative impact on their education. Student voice is used to highlight urban middle school students’ perspectives on the quality of their education particularly in terms of curricular issues, teacher quality, and lack of resources.

基于集对分析的城市生态足迹预测——以武汉市为例

自然生态环境是城市生态系统赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础，生态足迹作为生态环境承载状态测度的指标，受到社会、经济、人口等多种因素的影响，表现出时空动态性和不确定性特征。鉴于集对分析(SPA)在处理不确定性问题的优势，以武汉市为研究对象，将城市总生态足迹与其相关影响因子联系起来考虑，融合集对分析中的同异反模式识别的“择近原则”和聚类分析思想构造集对分析动态模型，模型精度较高，验证误差均小于0.3%。并对武汉市2005年～2020年总生态足迹发展趋势进行了预测。研究结果表明，2005年～2020年总生态足迹将由1 784.662×10⁴hm²增长到2 781.388×10⁴hm²，呈现出低于GDP、高于能源利用率增长速率的趋势，生态环境将进一步恶化，对此就武汉市生态系统的发展提出了对策与建议。最后，指出SPA动态模型对城市生态系统中生态足迹动态化方法的修正具有理论和实际意义。     

中国数字化期刊网络系统比较分析

本文针对我国三大学术期刊网络检索系统从收录范围、全文阅读、标引质量、检索系统、检索效果等方面进行比较分析，指出我国数字化期刊网络系统还有待于完善和发展，并就此提出了自己的建议。     

情境认知视角下的城市记忆——“参与式档案管理模式”建构研究

文章选取情境为中介,以"再情境化"方式克服时空障碍,建立公众与城市记忆间认知以及情感关联。通过行为调查方法将目前城市记忆实践模式归纳为资源采集型模式、互动交流型模式、专家指导型模式、社区自建型模式,分析得出主体急需扩展、体系亟需完善、渠道有待叠加等结论。最后,以Choi和Hannafin提出的与情境认知模型设计密切相关要素(情境、内容、激励、评估)为向度,嵌入Norman和Bobrow人类信息处理系统范式模型并结合参与的七个维度进行评估,共建多维城市记忆。