电子图书文件格式标准化现状及其思考

电子图书的标准化问题已经成为制约电子图书产业发展的重要障碍。文章分析了电子图书文件格式的现状及影响，提出了制定电子图书标准化格式过程中应注意解决的几个问题。     

基于集对分析的城市生态足迹预测——以武汉市为例

自然生态环境是城市生态系统赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础，生态足迹作为生态环境承载状态测度的指标，受到社会、经济、人口等多种因素的影响，表现出时空动态性和不确定性特征。鉴于集对分析(SPA)在处理不确定性问题的优势，以武汉市为研究对象，将城市总生态足迹与其相关影响因子联系起来考虑，融合集对分析中的同异反模式识别的“择近原则”和聚类分析思想构造集对分析动态模型，模型精度较高，验证误差均小于0.3%。并对武汉市2005年～2020年总生态足迹发展趋势进行了预测。研究结果表明，2005年～2020年总生态足迹将由1 784.662×10⁴hm²增长到2 781.388×10⁴hm²，呈现出低于GDP、高于能源利用率增长速率的趋势，生态环境将进一步恶化，对此就武汉市生态系统的发展提出了对策与建议。最后，指出SPA动态模型对城市生态系统中生态足迹动态化方法的修正具有理论和实际意义。     

Unique-order interpolative coding for fast querying and space-efficient indexing in information retrieval systems

This paper presents a size reduction method for the inverted file, the most suitable indexing structure for an information retrieval system (IRS). We notice that in an inverted file the document identifiers for a given word are usually clustered. While this clustering property can be used in reducing the size of the inverted file, good compression as well as fast decompression must both be available. In this paper, we present a method that can facilitate coding and decoding processes for interpolative coding using recursion elimination and loop unwinding. We call this method the unique-order interpolative coding. It can calculate the lower and upper bounds of every document identifier for a binary code without using a recursive process, hence the decompression time can be greatly reduced. Moreover, it also can exploit document identifier clustering to compress the inverted file efficiently. Compared with the other well-known compression methods, our method provides fast decoding speed and excellent compression. This method can also be used to support a self-indexing strategy. Therefore our research work in this paper provides a feasible way to build a fast and space-economical IRS.     

情境认知视角下的城市记忆——“参与式档案管理模式”建构研究

文章选取情境为中介,以"再情境化"方式克服时空障碍,建立公众与城市记忆间认知以及情感关联。通过行为调查方法将目前城市记忆实践模式归纳为资源采集型模式、互动交流型模式、专家指导型模式、社区自建型模式,分析得出主体急需扩展、体系亟需完善、渠道有待叠加等结论。最后,以Choi和Hannafin提出的与情境认知模型设计密切相关要素(情境、内容、激励、评估)为向度,嵌入Norman和Bobrow人类信息处理系统范式模型并结合参与的七个维度进行评估,共建多维城市记忆。     

“数字中国”布局下我国城建档案馆数字化转型之思考

“数字中国”布局下,城建档案馆将为智慧城市规划与建设提供可靠的档案数据支持。城建档案馆行政执法过程中面临缺少上位法、缺少行政许可、与上级行政主管部门职能交叉等问题,亟待解决。在数字化城建档案馆建设的进程中,受“放管服”行政指引,城建档案馆应通过削减前置审批、强制归档、智能+创新服务三个方面构建数字化管理新机制,实现智慧化活态城建档案馆的整体目标。通过完善依法行政、对接征信体系、技术迭代推进数字化进程,将智能化行政与智慧化服务并行,最终接入国家政务服务平台,实现全国“一网通办”的政务目标。     

Hyperactive Grey Objects

Previous papers on grey literature by the authors have described (1) the need for formal metadata to allow machine understanding and therefore scalable operations; (2) the enhancement of repositories of grey (and other) e-publications by linking with CRIS (Current Research Information Systems); (3) the use of the research process to collect metadata incrementally reducing the threshold barrier for end-users and improving quality in an ambient GRIDs environment. This paper takes the development one step further and proposes “intelligent” grey objects. The hypothesis is in 2 parts: (1) that the use of passive catalogs of metadata does not scale (a) in a highly distributed environment with millions of nodes and (b) with vastly increased volumes of R&D output grey publications with associated metadata; (2) that a new paradigm is required that (a) integrates grey with white literature and other R&D outputs such as software, data, products and patents (b) in a self-managing, self-optimizing way and that this paradigm manages automatically curation, provenance digital rights, trust, security and privacy. Concerning (1) existing repositories provide catalogs; harvesting takes increasing time ensuring non-currency. The end-user expends much manual effort/intelligence to utilize the results. The elapsed time of (1) the network (2) the centralized (or centrally controlled distributed) catalog server searches (3) end-user intervention becomes unacceptable. Concerning (2) there is no paradigm currently known to the authors that satisfies the requirement. Our proposal is outlined below. Hyperactive combines both hyperlinking and active properties of a (grey) object. Hyperlinking implies multimedia components linked to form the object and also external links to other resources. The term active implies that objects do not lie passively in a repository to be retrieved by end-users. They “get a life” and the object moves through the network knowing where it is going. A hyperactive grey object is wrapped by its (incrementally recorded) formal metadata and an associated (software) agent. It moves through process steps such as initial concept, authoring, reviewing and depositing in a repository. The workflow is based on the rules and information in the corporate data repository with which the agent interacts. Once the object is deposited, the agent associated with it actively pushes the object to the end-users (or systems) whose metadata indicate interest or an obligation in a workflowed process. The agents check the object and user (or system) metadata for rights, privacy, security parameters, and for any charges and assure compatibility. Alternatively the object can be found passively by end-user or system agents. The object can also associate itself with other objects forming relationships utilising metadata or content. Declared relationships include references and citations; workflowed relationships include versions and also links to corporate information and research datasets and software; inferenced relationships are discovered relationships such as between documents by different authors developed from an earlier idea of a third author. Components of this paradigm have been implemented to some extent. The challenge is implementing—respecting part two of the hypothesis—the integration architecture. This surely is harnessing the power of grey.

涉嫌犯罪人身份的确立

犯罪嫌疑人与被怀疑有犯罪嫌疑的人之间存在区别。对于犯罪的"初查对象"现行法律未给予相应的名称规定,犯罪嫌疑人的身份在实务中也有扩大化的趋势,造成立案的随意,使"犯罪嫌疑人"的权益得不到应有的保障。"强制措施"的滥用,造成了犯罪嫌疑人身份的错用。犯罪嫌疑人的称呼与现阶段刑事案件的立案审批相配套,涉嫌犯罪人身份的确立对刑事诉讼法的修订具有参考价值。改称涉嫌犯罪人有利于保障涉嫌刑事追诉程序中的人的权益,具有时代意义,是无罪推定原则精神之体现。     

The historical context of science and education at the American Museum of Natural History

In this article I critically examine the historical context of science education in a natural history museum and its relevance to using museum resources to teach science today. I begin with a discussion of the historical display of race and its relevance to my practice of using the Museum’s resources to teach science. I continue with a critical review of the history of the education department in a natural history museum to demonstrate the historical constitution of current practices of the education department. Using sociocultural constructs around identity formation and transformation, I move to the present with a case study of a teacher who transforms the structure of science education in her classroom and school as a result of her identity transformation and association with a museum-based professional education program.

基于预警机制的实验设备管理系统开发

通过对高校实验设备管理的现状进行分析和研究,总结了当前高校实验设备管理系统存在的问题,设计和开发了基于预警机制的实验设备管理系统。重点研究了预警机制在实验设备管理系统中的预警流程,预警机制在系统MVC架构中的应用,基于PDO的数据库技术以及权限管理等技术,解决了实验设备管理系统智能预警、信息网上共享、设备管理员相互沟通协调、生成统计报表等问题。     

基于LDAP的统一身份认证系统与CA认证的集成

随着网络的迅速发展,对各应用系统在网络中使用的安全性要求也在不断提高。为满足需要,在以用户名+密码为模式验证身份的统一身份认证系统中集成了CA认证模式。在介绍了统一身份认证系统、CA认证模式的基础上,提出了多种认证方式并存的集成架构,并设计了统一身份认证系统与CA认证模式的集成方案。