Students’ perceptions of the academic environment and approaches to studying in British postgraduate business education

Recent research on student learning in higher education has identified clear associations between variations in students’ perceptions of the academic environment and variations in their study behaviour. This study investigated a general theoretical model linking students’ demographic characteristics, perceptions and study behaviour with measures of outcome, and in particular, compared three accounts of the causal relationship between perceptions and study behaviour. Data were obtained from 469 postgraduate students at six British business schools. Path analysis was used to assess the causal relationships among the students’ age and gender, their scores on the Course Experience Questionnaire, their scores on the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory and their ratings of general satisfaction with their programmes. This yielded evidence for the causal efficacy of most of the paths identified in the general theoretical model. In particular, as in the case of students taking more traditional academic subjects, there exists a bidirectional causal relationship between variations in students’ perceptions of the academic environment and variations in their study behaviour.     

谈公共教育知识转化为教师个体知识的问题

公共教育知识转化为教师个体知识，是指教师将获得的公共教育理论知识内化为个体内在素质、外化为个体行为能力、指导实际的过程。一个实现了知识转化的教师，会形成正确的教育观念以及运用教育理论观察、分析和评价教育形象、教育问题的能力，形成了固定的、整体的教育信念，能反思自己的教学行为。但教师原有的知识结构中的观念、公共教育知识本身的可转化性及将公共教育知识转化为教师个体知识的教育承担都会影响转化的发生。     

清代东北南部地区移民与环境变迁

清朝初年，由于大规模地向中原移民，东北南部人口稀少，土地荒芜，自然环境很长时间保持一种原始状态。但是，随着移民的进入，东北南部环境发生根本性的变化，先是柳条边以南，接着是热河蒙地，再接着是鸭绿江西和大围场，随着土地接连被开发，人口对环境的压力越来越大，最后人不得不离开这里。寻找新的生存环境。     

对公体正规排球赛向娱乐排球赛转轨的可行性研究

在排球比赛的教学中尝试推行娱乐排球赛，相对于正规排球赛，通过实验对比和分析，结果表明：对公体学生而言，娱乐排球赛更易于被学生接受和喜爱，且有利于促进、提高他们的技术水平，为排球比赛的教学和全民健身运动的开展提供参考。     

公用企业的管制改革--重塑政府对公用企业的管制结构及管制职能

传统的公用企业管制机制是以所谓的“公用企业合法垄断理论”为依据的。我国的公用企业管制机制也是建立在这种理论基础之上的。这种机制虽然在计划经济条件下有其存在之合理性,但伴随市场经济体制的确立与推进,其理论上与实践上弊害逐渐显明。因此,对公用企业进行管制改革已势在必行,改革的途径是在借鉴西方国家公用企业管制改革经验的基础上,重塑我国公用企业的管制结构及管制职能。     

中日早期现代化中的官督商办

从社会环境、目的和主持者及市场基础等方面,对19世纪下半期,中日两国在早期现代化过程采用官督商办的经营形式,一败一成、命运相异的原因进行了比较分析。     

论外语教学中的环境因素

环境制约着外语教学,良好的教学环境是保证外语教学顺利进行的关键。本文对环境在外语教学中的作用,外语教学环境中存在的问题,以及对如何创造环境进行了较详尽的探讨。     

Why some teachers easily learn to use a new virtual learning environment: a technology acceptance perspective

After a decade of virtual learning environments (VLEs) in higher education, many teachers still use only a minimum of its affordances. This study looked at how academic staff interacted with a new and unknown VLE in order to understand how technology acceptance and support materials influence (perceived and actual) task performance. In an experimental design, 36 participants were split into a control (online help) and experimental (instructor video) condition and completed five common teaching tasks in a new VLE. In contrast to most technology acceptance model research, this study found that perceived usefulness of the VLE was not related to (perceived) task performance. Perceived ease of use was related to intentions and actual behaviour in the VLE. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between the two conditions, although the experimental condition led to a (marginal) increase in time to complete the tasks.     

构建和谐社会公共政策之应然价值取向

党的十六届四中全会明确提出构建社会主义和谐社会。和谐社会的基本特征表现在五个方面:政治民主、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然的和谐相处。在当前的形势下构建社会主义和谐社会自然成为全社会的奋斗目标,而作为实现党在新时期执政理念的手段,公共政策的制定理应体现这一趋向,遂相应地被赋予某些价值的特征和取向。本文主要是讨论新形势下构建和谐社会中公共政策的应然价值取向,旨在为构建和谐社会中公共政策的发展提供一个理论导向。     

Maternal mediation in book reading, home literacy environment, and children’s emergent literacy: a comparison between two social groups

The researchers addressed two questions: (1) Does maternal reading mediation and family home literacy environment (HLE) relate to children’s emergent literacy (EL) level? and (2) Do the relationships among these variables differ as a function of socioeconomic strata (SES) level. A total of 94 5–6-year-old children, 47 from low SES (LSES) and 47 from high (HSES) families, and their mothers participated. Mother–child interactions while reading an unfamiliar book were videotaped and their verbal expressions were coded for extracting maternal mediation level. Children’s independent EL level was assessed prior to the interaction. Compared with the LSES group, HSES children showed higher EL levels and their homes had a richer literacy environment. Maternal mediation level differed by SES: LSES mothers paraphrased text more often; HSES mothers’ higher mediation level included a discussion of the written system and making connections beyond the text. In the HSES group, maternal mediation level and HLE related to children’s EL; no such relationships appeared in the LSES group. Results are discussed in terms of children’s socio-economic background and their reading experiences. Implications for researchers and educational practices about the relationships between children’s literacy development, SES, HLE, and parental mediation are discussed.