机构知识库收录期刊论文涉及著作权问题的解决途径探讨

期刊论文是机构知识库收录学术成果的重要组成部分,开放获取运动为解决机构知识库收录期刊论文的著作权问题提供了非常有利的条件。该文在对国外学术期刊的开放获取、自存档以及免费阅读等版权政策进行调研的基础上,结合中国农业大学知识库建设与服务实践探索,提出了机构知识库构建与服务中对期刊论文著作权问题处理的基本原则、版权明示方法,以及针对常见自存档附加限制条件的应对措施。     

Outdoor education in Scotland

Abstract

Although Scotland is part of the United Kingdom it has a distinct cultural identity and a separate education and legal system. These factors, which have influenced the development of outdoor education, are likely to have an even greater impact in the future following the re-establishment (after a break of almost 300 years since 1707) of a Scottish Parliament in 1999.

Scotland was one of the first countries in the world to formalise outdoor education. This was the result of a combination of factors:

• ? Geophysical and climatic factors together with landholding and land-use practices established in the 18th Century have ensured that much of Highland Scotland is depopulated and devoid of forests; leading to the perception that the area is a “wilderness” and therefore attractive for outdoor recreation.

• ? Exploration for political, economic and scientific reasons in the second half of the millennium, which both led to and developed from Britain's empire, stimulated a national taste for adventure as expressed in seafaring, mountaineering and polar exploration.

• ? Growth in wealth, mobility and leisure-time in the late 19th and 20th Centuries provided the means by which many more people could engage in their own, more modest adventures, leading to the development of stylised forms of outdoor activities in the UK.

Consequently the landscape and surrounding seas of Scotland have long presented challenges for outdoor recreation, and post-war development of outdoor education fitted quite naturally into this physical and social landscape.

In the 1960s and 1970s outdoor education (often formalised as physical outdoor activities and based on a residential experience) was extensively developed in Scotland and was of international significance. In recent years, primarily as a result of political effects, provision has been in some decline; a trend markedly at odds with the concurrent rapid growth in outdoor recreation. A shift away from public provision through the education service seems to be countered by growth in “charitable” and “private sector” provision, especially in the case of residential outdoor education centres.

Some concerns are raised about possible future trends, and the argument made that educational theory should be taken into account in the design of programmes which focus on personal and social education; or which capitalise on the learning potential of the landscape to encourage cultural awareness and principles of sustainability, which are seen as having both local and global significance.     

个体信息系统创新性使用行为的影响研究——基于社会影响理论及个人创新特质

信息系统的创新性使用行为能够提高个体工作效率,更好的发挥信息系统的价值,提高企业效益。本文从个体内部和外部影响因素出发,结合个人创新特质和社会影响理论,构建了个体创新特质和社会影响因素对个体创新性使用的研究模型。采用实验的方法,以53个小组(221个个体)为样本进行了实证分析。结果表明,个体创新精神、创新能力及社会影响因素中的主观规范和群体规范均对创新性使用行为产生显著的正向影响,而社会认同感没有表现出显著作用。     

对称性在积分中的妙用

在积分计算中利用各类对称性，可以简化积分计算。本文通过具体实例来体现对称性在求解积分题中的妙用，以此培养学生的发散思维能力。     

Taking a Closer Look at the Factors That Influence Ethnic Identity

Ethnic identity (EI) has long been known to supersede race as a predictor for attitudes and behaviors. However, little is known about the constituent parts that comprise and influence ethnic identity. In order to improve communications that target EI, we examine both demographic and communication variables to determine which have a greater pull on people’s attitudes and actions. Race appears to moderate the effects of age on ethnic identity, whereby age was negatively related to ethnic-identity exploration among White participants and positively related to ethnic identity commitment among Black participants (p < .05). Having a higher income, print-media use, and information-engagement orientation were also positively correlated with ethnic identity; education and gender were not. Implications and future directions are discussed.     

简析《进涌的流泉》的叙事结构

《迸涌的流泉》是德国当代作家马丁·瓦尔泽的最令人信服的一部小说。本文尝试从米克·巴尔的故事顺序安排理论角度出发,分析《迸涌的流泉》的叙事结构,尤其分析了时间顺序偏离时或错时时呈现的三种形态,以解密《迸涌的流泉》的叙事特色。     

Pointing to parallels in ability-related differences in the use of metacognition in academic and psychomotor tasks

This paper offers a brief review of the use of metacognition by proficient and poor performers in academic and psychomotor tasks as well as highlights the parallels and provides directions for future research. Metacognition is knowledge about one's own cognitive processes [Flavell, J.H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906–911.]. To date, the study of the use of metacognition by children with different levels of abilities (from those having a learning disability to those identified as gifted) has been mostly restricted to the cognitive abilities in academic areas such as reading, writing, or mathematics. The structure of knowledge has been more extensively explored in the expertise literature in the performance of both academic and psychomotor tasks. Similarities have been noted in the characteristic differences between experts and novices in both these types of tasks. Studies have begun to explore the use of metacognition in psychomotor tasks such as key strokes, ball throwing–catching, and running. It seems that, as with the structure of knowledge, parallels also exist in the use of metacognition by poor and proficient performers in academic and psychomotor tasks.     

论“八荣八耻”与学校道德教育

“八荣八耻”为学校道德教育提供了新的契机和保障条件,也是学校道德教育实践的指导,要把“八荣八耻”内化为信念,落实到行动。     

试谈心理学在体育教学中的应用

心理学在体育教学中对学生起着非常大的作用，通过集中学生的注意力和达当的表扬相结合，激起学生的学习热情，每个个体的充分心理准备是完成集体准备的关键，应注意改善学生的心理，使体育课形成一个良性循环。     

"小康" 含义之历史变迁

中国古时之“小康”不外有三重含义：一曰生活稍有所安,一曰“家天下”之礼治杜会,一曰家境相对宽裕。近世又有康有为之小康社会理想,旨在建立资产阶级君主立宪政体。“小康”之用诸现代,是邓小平对古人用于指谓物质生活水平的“小康”概念的革命性再造。中共十六大提出的“全面建设小康社会”是对邓小平当初提出的建设“小康”或“小康社会”之含义的最新丰富和发展。现代小康社会理想根本不同于古代和近世的小康社会理想;现代小康生活亦根本不同于古人囿于自然经济的狭隘条件所向往的“小康之家”。