Polymorphisms within the COL5A1 gene and regulators of the extracellular matrix modify the risk of Achilles tendon pathology in a British case-control study

Several genetic loci have been associated with risk of Achilles tendon pathology (ATP) within South African and Australian populations. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate eight previously implicated genetic variants in an independent British population. A total of 130 asymptomatic controls (CON) and 112 participants clinically diagnosed with ATP comprising 87 individuals with chronic Achilles tendinopathy (TEN) and 25 with Achilles tendon ruptures (RUP) were included. All participants were genotyped for variants within the COL5A1, MIR608, IL-1β, IL-6 and CASP8 genes. Primary findings implicated COL5A1 and CASP8. Three inferred allele combinations constructed from COL5A1 rs12722, rs3196378 and rs71746744 were identified as risk modifiers. The T–C–D combination was associated with increased risk of ATP (P = 0.023) and RUP (P < 0.001), the C–A–I combination was associated with increased risk of ATP (P = 0.011), TEN (P = 0.011) and RUP (P = 0.011) and the C–C–D combination was associated with decreased risk of ATP (P = 0.011) and RUP (P = 0.004). The CASP8 rs3834129 DD genotype was associated with decreased risk of TEN (P = 0.020, odds ratio: 0.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.22–0.90) and the CASP8 I–G (rs3834129–rs1045485) inferred allele combination was associated with increased risk of TEN (P = 0.031). This study further highlights the importance of polymorphisms within COL5A1 and CASP8 in the aetiology of ATP.     

类耗散系统的特性

介绍由保面积映像不连续、不可逆耦合构成的"类耗散系统",并以两个系统为例介绍类耗散系统的主要性质.这样的系统中会出现规则或混沌的,能把外部的迭代吸引过来的"类吸引子",但迭代一旦到达类吸引子,又会展示典型的保守性运动.这类系统中可能出现"类V形阵发",在适当的参数改变时,还可以展示从典型的保守系统向近似于耗散系统的连续转变.更多的特异性质还有待于继续研究.     

Biomechanical comparison of the double-push technique and the conventional skate skiing technique in cross-country sprint skiing

Abstract

The aims of the study were to: (1) adapt the “double-push” technique from inline skating to cross-country skiing; (2) compare this new skiing technique with the conventional skate skiing cross-country technique; and (3) test the hypothesis that the double-push technique improves skiing speed in a short sprint. 13 elite skiers performed maximum-speed sprints over 100 m using the double-push skate skiing technique and using the conventional “V2” skate skiing technique. Pole and plantar forces, knee angle, cycle characteristics, and electromyography of nine lower body muscles were analysed. We found that the double-push technique could be successfully transferred to cross-country skiing, and that this new technique is faster than the conventional skate skiing technique. The double-push technique was 2.9 ± 2.2% faster (P < 0.001), which corresponds to a time advantage of 0.41 ± 0.31 s over 100 m. The double-push technique had a longer cycle length and a lower cycle rate, and it was characterized by higher muscle activity, higher knee extension amplitudes and velocities, and higher peak foot forces, especially in the first phase of the push-off. Also, the foot was more loaded laterally in the double-push technique than in the conventional skate skiing technique.     

关于图书馆传统音像资料的数字化处理

由于传统的音像制作方法、录放设备的发展变化和人们欣赏习惯的改变,音像资料从 模拟转向数字已成必然。这种转换,要经过音视频的数字化处理系统、转录和编辑,以及其数字 化存储等技术处理。数字化过程中必须注重技术操作要点。参考文献8。     

KdV方程的Darboux变换

分析了标准Ｄａｒｂｏｕｘ 变换方法用于ＫｄＶ方程时遇到的困难,然后利用同一个ＫｄＶ方程的两个不同的Ｌａｘ 表示,导出了ＫｄＶ方程Ｄａｒｂｏｕｘ 变换．利用该变换就可以递推导出所有孤子解．     

基于经济技术分析的电动汽车商业化模式研究

经历了百年发展历程的汽车工业,受到石油危机、能源安全、大气污染和全球气候变暖等多重因素的影响,一场低碳革命已然开始,电动汽车日益成为政府、学界、企业界、消费者乃至整个社会关注的热点领域。本文从引发汽车工业低碳革命多重因素分析入手,详尽阐述了电动汽车（V2G）在应对能源危机、大气污染和气候变暖时所具有的高能源效率、维修简便、低经济成本等全方位的技术经济优势,并从基础保障体系、技术研发体系、公共政策体系三方面对后石油时代电动车的商业化推广提出了意见和建议。     

高住低训对国家男子橄榄球运动员体能的影响

研究高住低训(HiLo)提高橄榄球运动员体能的效果。将14名国家男子橄榄球队运动员随机分成HiLo组(n=8)和LoLo组(n=6),进行为期4周的实验。HiLo组每晚在O2浓度为14.7%的实验室居住10h。每周除正常训练外,还有3次30min在O2浓度为15.4%、强度为个体72%V.O2max的功率自行车运动。LoLo组的训练方案与HiLo组相同,但没有低氧居住和低氧运动。每周3次的30min功率自行车运动在常氧环境下进行,强度为个体80%V.O2max。结果表明,HiLo可以显著提高运动员有氧耐力,12min跑成绩明显提高;对4种距离折返跑时间、球门折返跑等无氧能力的提高也有一定帮助;对Hb等血象指标的提高没有显著作用,但可以保持运动员正常的Hb水平。     

活性炭富集PAR-H2O2三元体系分光光度法测定痕量V(V)

采用PAR-H2O2三元体系的显色方法,负载SAF活性炭富集水样,测定水中痕量V(V),结果令人相当满意.     

Acquisition of inductive biconditional reasoning skills: Training of simultaneous and sequential processing

One hundred forty-four 10th-grade students received training on one of three processing methods: coding-mapping (simultaneous), coding only, or decision tree (sequential). Then they learned a biconditional rule under one of eight transfer test conditions based on a 2 (paradigm: rule vs complete learning) × 2 (memory aids: 0 vs 4) × 2 (focus instance: presence vs absence) design. Although the coding-mapping students processed concept instances in much the same way as the coding-only students, they acquired the target rule more frequently, and they processed instances more quickly and more consistently than the decision-tree students. The observed ordinality of the responses of four truth-table classes was found to be more consistent with the simultaneity than with the sequentiality hypothesis. As expected, training interacted with paradigm and also with memory aids and focus instance. The induced simultaneous processing strategy apparently works optimally under rule learning, while the sequential strategy is difficult to induce and/or not optimal for rule-learning operations.     

“V成”的语法化

述结式的形成和演变过程逐渐成为汉语史研究的重要问题.根据“V成”的句法语义特点,运用语法化理论从历时角度考察述结式“V成”的语法化过程.“V成”可以分为“完成”义和“成为”义,不同的句法语义特点决定了这两种“V成”不同的语法化路径.