欧盟职业教育和培训质量保障参照框架评析

职业教育和培训质量保障参照框架是欧盟开发的共同工具之一,各国自愿参加实施,框架的实施分四个阶段,构建了两级评价指标体系,建立了质量保障共同原则。基于其现实意义,我国应加以参考借鉴,探索建立职业教育质量保障体系,构建可测量的评价监测指标体系。     

芬兰职教教师能力结构评析及启示

职教教师能力结构研究是当前职教教师教育研究的重要内容。芬兰职教教师的工作环境和资格制度对其能力素质提出了要求。塞博.赫拉考尔皮博士基于这些要求提出了芬兰职教教师涵盖四个领域的综合能力结构,包括核心领域、教学法领域、发展与研究领域和组织领域,并突出强调了社会联系、团队合作、经济管理及专业实践发展四大能力。该能力结构及其特点对我国职教教师教育具有启示意义。     

Humans,nonhumans and the mediation of workplace learning in the senior school curriculum

This paper brings together concepts drawn from Actor Network Theory and data generated in a research project that was conducted across the island of Ireland. Using surveys and interviews with school staff, that research explored the limits and possibilities for workplace learning as a valued component of the senior school curriculum. The current paper works with the data from the Republic of Ireland only and brings into focus the full range of actors – both human and nonhuman – that generate, or constrain, productive workplace learning opportunities for students. In the wake of the Great Recession, it is suggested that such opportunities have gained increased importance. The analysis suggests attention to the full range of actors highlights areas for intervention, and the possibilities for alliances that may be beneficial for students and their schools, for employers who provide workplace learning placements, and for vocational learning itself.     

The relationship between civic attitudes and voting intention: an analysis of vocational upper secondary schools in England and Singapore

From 2009 to 2011, a team from the Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies carried out a mixed-methods study of young people in England and Singapore. With regard to civic attitudes, the study showed that there was a greater sense of political self-efficacy and collective (school) efficacy in Singapore than in England. In addition, the group in Singapore scored higher on future voting relative to the group in England. Further, while both political self-efficacy and collective (school) efficacy were correlated with future voting in England, only the latter was correlated in the case of Singapore. For some, the results may seem counter-intuitive. The article reflects on these results, particularly those relating to democratic outcomes.     

Modularisation approaches in Initial Vocational Education: evidence for policy convergence in Europe?

One response to challenges of national vocational training systems has been a move towards greater flexibility within vocational training systems. This article focuses on an investigation of modularisation as a tool for achieving this flexibility. Many European countries have introduced modular forms into their vocational training system. We investigate whether the global trends set out are producing policy convergence in modularisation in differing countries. This study selects seven European countries to make a detailed analysis and entailed an analysis of each country’s Initial Vocational Education and Training programmes. The methodology involved both primary and secondary data collection. The findings demonstrate policy convergence that can be attributed to similar challenges at national level. Modularisation in some countries takes a ‘radical’ form. Other countries have followed a mixed approach. It is clear that no two countries have adopted the same form of modularisation, although some countries have cited common challenges in the modularisation process.     

欧盟职业教育与培训质量保障的多元主体及其相互关系研究

欧盟职业教育与培训质量保障过程中,形成了欧盟、成员国、职业教育与培训系统、职业教育与培训机构、企业等多元主体共同参与的质量保障机制。在该过程中,各主体存在着一种互动关系,在欧盟职业教育与培训质量保障政策产生的各个阶段,存在着多元主体的博弈;在政策的实施阶段,多元主体注重相互合作;欧盟职业教育与培训质量保障政策的目标着眼于职业教育与培训的中长期发展。     

Vocational Education and Training: Researching the Relationship between School and Work

Researchers and policy makers agree that the relation between school and work is an important characteristic of vocational education and training (VET) and needs attention. The relation itself poses several challenges for research to be successful and useful for policy makers. In this article, we outline these challenges and answer the following question: What needs to be considered when researching the relation between school and work? Our central claim is that research on the relation between school and work needs to (1) take into account contextual conditions of the VET system, including identifying the central actors and their responsibilities within a VET system, (2) take into account the characteristics of VET itself, (3) define the quality of the relation between school and work (depending on the context, characteristics of the VET system and VET itself), and (4) be consistent with respect to chosen research aims and paradigms. To illustrate how these aspects can be taken into account an example of empirical research conducted in the German dual apprenticeship system is described. The readers are provided with guidelines for researchers and policy makers to carry out high quality research on the relation between school and work in VET systems that enables policy makers to make use of the results to improve the relation between school and work in VET systems.     

Glimpsing the Future in the Past: VET in Europe

What do we expect from Vocational Education and Training (VET) systems? Is it different from 25 years ago? This article argues that the focus has increasingly been placed on strategies for lifelong and life-wide learning that seek to reinforce continuity among the subsystems of learning, but that VET systems are, nevertheless, still expected to address many and sometimes conflicting agendas, needs and priorities. The last 25 years or so have been critical for the development of VET in Europe. Making VET more attractive and increasing its parity of esteem in relation to general secondary education have been major, recurring themes in European countries, as part of, at least conceptually, more comprehensive approaches to lifelong and life-wide learning. From 1989 to 2003, the European Journal of Education (EJE) published a special issue on ‘Trends in Vocational Education and Training’ every two years and has continued to publish on VETrelated topics. This article revisits the major themes and challenges as they were observed and discussed by the authors who wrote in those special issues and in later articles. Many were directly involved in advisory positions to governments; held key decision-making responsibilities; undertook studies and consultancy and brought technical assistance across several countries. Their articles are moments of reflection nourished by experience on the ground. This article explores how the European Journal of Education has contributed to European reflection on VET systems, policies and preoccupations in recent decades – what can we learn that is useful for shaping and formulating our present ideas about new policy from our colleagues writing about the same or similar issues 20 years ago? A key theme concerns the role of the Europe Community (and subsequently EU) as a change agent supporting bottom-up exchange and top-down stimulus for reform through an increasing integration of education and training in the socio-economic strategy of the EU.     

Broadening the resource base for entrepreneurship education through teachers' networking activities

The purpose of this paper is to examine the activities of vocational education teachers when networking in entrepreneurship education. The study examines how the background characteristics of the teachers and their participation in planning and training activities explain the level of use of external stakeholders. As a method, a linear regression analysis has been used. The data consists of 448 Finnish vocational education and training (VET) teachers.The results show that the teachers' business background or work experience does not lead to richer practices regarding utilizing different external stakeholders. However, teachers that participated in school or regional-level entrepreneurship education planning or training utilize external stakeholders significantly more than their colleagues.     

德国职业教育中的师资类型与专业发展

德国职业教育享誉世界,这与高素质的师资队伍密切相关。为了全面地了解德国职业教育师资队伍建设,文章详细介绍了德国职业教育中的师资类型、工作任务、任职资格和专业发展情况,同时介绍了职业教育中的兼职教师情况。