Reciprocity of inter-ethnic attitudes in a multicultural society

A national survey of multicultural and ethnic attitudes in Canada was conducted in 1974 (n = 1849). Data were analysed for the 1244 respondents whose ethnicity could be determined as Angloceltic, French, German, Italian or Ukrainian Canadian, A five group by five group intergroup attitude matrix was created, with each group acting both as attitude object and as holder of attitudes. Analysis indicated the existence of reciprocity or balance in the matrix: groups tended to reflect the attitude held toward them back onto the group holding the attitude. However this structural balance was moderated by the existence of shared attitudes about the position of a group in the national ethnic hierarchy. Further analysis indicated the existence of ethnocentrism in the matrix: attitudes toward ingroup and positive reference groups were more positive than toward out-groups. Perceived intergroup similarity and familiarity were positively correlated with each other and with intergroup acceptance. Results were discussed in relation to attitude balance theory and ethnocentrism theory, and in their implication for intergroup research in multicultural societies.     

分形曲线的计算机生成

计算机分形学是用来描述具有自相似性曲线的一门新学科。这里讨论了集成软件中典型分形曲线和图案的计算机生成方法 :VonKoch曲线、Peano曲线、Sierpinski三角型、Sierpinski地毯、Sierpinski海棉体和Mandelbrot集 ;还介绍了D0L系统的原理和如何用这个系统构造简单植物树木形态以及有关程序的一些特点     

Phenomenology and hermeneutics: Evolving approaches to the study of intercultural and international communication

The thought models and theories of many individuals and disciplines have contributed to the study of human communication. In recent years scholars have become increasingly aware of the fact that methodologies superimposed upon the actual event of human communication have significantly shaped our perceptions of these events. Going beyond methodological approaches or quarrels, a phenomenological basis requires direct encounter with the event and an attempt to let methodology evolve out of that direct encounter, rather than attempting a so-called objective approach. Self, experience, values, and human relationships are of primary concern to the phenomenologist who sees meaning and interpretation as a unitary concept. Phenomenology thus concerns itself with understanding, and the bases for such understanding, rather than with the mere application of methodology. At the same time, phenomenology by its very approach, concerns itself not merely with the discovery of some abstract truth, but must be deeply concerned also with the improvement of the human condition founded in conscious experience. Behavior and meaning thus become conjoined. The ultimate aim of phenomenological studies becomes a concern with the ontological as well as the epistemological bases of human understanding.     

Communication channels within ethnic groups

Major channels of communication are examined for two major functions: providing news of the ethnic community, and linking ethnics to the “mother country.” The four major channels are: interpersonal channels (friends and neighbors), radio, local metropolitan daily newspapers, and ethnic-language newspapers. Size of ethnic group is linked to channel preference, and greater ethnicity is related to a preference for ethnic media for both functions. Lower SES ethnics lend to rely more on interpersonal communication and ethnic media, while higher SES ethnics turn more to metro media and magazines. Channel preference as indicated by respondents is also linked to actual usage patterns.     

Modification of attitudes of regular class children towards the handicapped for the purpose of achieving integration

Two experimental procedures for positively modifying the attitudes of regular classroom children towards the handicapped were conducted. In both studies, curriculum and/or experiences with the handicapped were introduced to randomly selected groups of regular class elementary children. The curriculum consisted of literature, filmstrips, and lectures about handicapped children, while the experiences consisted of controlled integrational activities. The results indicated that the procedures were partially successful in modifying the attitudes of regular class children towards the handicapped. It was concluded that techniques must be developed systematically for achieving more positive attitudes in regular class children if “mainstreaming” is to become an effective educational concept.     

二语习得关键期假说探讨

本文首先介绍了二语习得关键期假说及其理论背景,之后通过前人的各项研究探讨关键期假说是否具有合理性,希望对教学有启示作用。     

Effect of the geometric shapes of specimens on impact tensile tests

The geometric shapes of specimens are important in impact tensile tests because geometric shapes determine the stress states of the specimens, and precise geometric shapes can obtain proper material properties without non-material factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the 1D form of the stress by changing the length-to-diameter （L/D） ratios of specimens. The experiments were carried out on a split Hopkinson tensile bar （SHTB）-rotating disk indirect bar-bar tensile impact apparatus. The L/D ratios of the LY12CZ specimens used in the test ranged from 1 to 5. Results show that the specimens can be used to obtain exact parameters of materials under the proposed conditions when the L/D ratio is greater than 2. This is because the longer length will reduce or eliminate the effects of the interfaces.     

An Empirical Research on DDL in L2 Writing

L2 （second language） writing teaching and research is greatly influenced by the advent of computer technology. This paper reviews papers, in the field of DDL （data-driven learning） in L2 writing, published in international journals and in Chinese journals, and differences are found in research methodology, research perspective, and research realm. Based on the analysis of the differences, the study aims at finding out the effects of the application of DDL in L2 teaching classroom. The present study, employing semi-structured writing and learning journals, explores how English learners perceive the use of corpora in their writing process. Based on the statistics, it is concluded that DDL in L2 writing is beneficial for vocabulary acquisition. However, corpus consultation does not work well for all learners. Learners＇ attitudes toward the use of corpus are various. The major findings may find application in teaching practice, and implications for teaching are discussed.