政府科技投入对高校创新产出影响的实证分析—基于2004-2013年的数据*

【】本文根据2004年-2013年《高等学校科技统计资料汇编》的相关数据对政府科技投入以及高校创新产出进行了相关研究。本文首先将全国高校按照学校类型进行分类,并依据此对其政府科技投入以及高校创新产出进行了定性分析以及实证分析。实证结果显示无论是利用总量数据、人均数据还是增长率数据发现高校的政府科技投入与高校创新产出在呈现出正相关性关系外,也同时存在一定的滞后性,且对于不同类型高校来说,其边际效益以及滞后性都存在一定差异。最后,本文根据研究结果提出了对相关政策的建议。     

城市节能环保型汽车的建立和应用研究

工业和经济的不断发展,促使汽车燃油消耗的不断增加和汽车排放问题的加剧,汽车节油和环保问题日益突出,面对有限的石油资源和国家能源战略遇到的威胁与挑战,汽车节能与环保技术和推进绿色节能性汽车的政府政策已成为汽车领域制造和应用的研发热点。     

User experience of government documents: A framework for informing design decisions

People still use documents in many everyday government processes. From tax payments to passport requests, citizens have to interact with low-interactivity information artifacts such as reports, maps and datasets, among many others. Despite efforts to improve information delivery in the public sector, effective information usage remains a critical topic of action and research. The user experience of government documents has rarely been assessed, despite them being regularly published and frequently used. Considering this, the two following research questions arise: 1) How can government documents be classified (or grouped) in terms of user experience? 2) How can the user experience of government documents be monitored over time in order to inform design decisions? Working with a public agency in Chile, we develop and test a classification and monitoring framework based on two online surveys (N?=?338 and N?=?298). We then propose a framework for understanding user experience of government documents in these three dimensions: interaction goal, volume of information and ease of understanding. Using a graphical representation to classify user experience provides greater visibility of the current status of information produced by a public organization. Furthermore, by monitoring the user experience of a government document at different times, organizations can understand the effect of their design decisions and improve their service quality by implementing user-centered processes.     

A Classroom Exercise to Examine the Trade‐off between Mission Capacity and Life Cycle Cost

This article presents a classroom exercise, centered on a simulation that has been used for 4 years in an MBA program to help students develop an understanding of the trade‐offs involved in managing capital assets in the public sector. Though often ignored in business schools, mission is a key criterion that must be considered when managing such assets, and acts as a surrogate for profit. The case presents a rich environment in which the impact of cost reductions (or additional investments) on mission can be quantified, and trade‐offs can be assessed and discussed. It gives students a chance to develop creative ideas for process improvement, and provides sufficient data for them to analyze the impact of their suggestions in a rigorous way.     

我国公共文化服务体系建设中的政府行为研究

我国的公共文化服务体系建设工作开展已近10年,按照国家相关政策文件的精神,我国公共文化服务的供给者主要是政府,但由于各方条件的限制,在公共文化服务的供给上,我国政府在法律法规体系、财政投入力度、供给的均等性及绩效评估等方面还存在着问题和不足。论文总结了我国公共文化服务体系建设中政府的职能与作用,分析了政府在公共文化服务供给上存在的问题,重点提出了解决问题的对策建议。     

Balancing act: Government roles in an energy conservation network

Government-led interorganizational alliance networks present a sensible opportunity to overcome many societal challenges through collaborative governance. In particular, few researchers have studied alliance networks in the field of energy conservation in commercial buildings—a sector with unique barriers to greater diffusion of innovative cost-saving strategies. We applied an analytic inductive case-based method and social network analysis to study one particular alliance network: the United States Commercial Building Energy Alliances representing interests from retail, commercial real estate, and healthcare sectors. This alliance network was initiated by the United States Department of Energy, with assistance from several federally funded research laboratories in the United States, to promote the diffusion of knowledge and ultimately encourage greater deployment of energy efficiency and clean energy strategies in commercial buildings. We draw upon interview data from 28 cases of private, non-profit, and governmental organizations and complete network data from the alliance participants. We honed in on eight focal cases of governmental organizations to provide insight on how the four forms of energy and environmental data, information, and knowledge shared within an alliance network address the challenge of a vastly underutilized energy resource, namely conservation. Further, we identify and discuss the public's four roles—Commissioner, Interpreter, Marketer, and User—in providing balance to the diffusion of both private and public goods in a network.     

博弈视角下政府应对社会冷漠行为分析

随着改革开放的深入推进,社会生活日新月异,经济文化快速发展,社会新情况、新面貌不断出现,人们在享受改革开放带来的巨大红利的时候,也不得不面对其带来的一系列负面影响。比如说社会冷漠问题的出现,就一次次刺痛了社会的神经。在经济利益的驱使下,很多人不考虑道德机制对自身的约束,只顾自身利益最大化。本文将在博弈论的视角下,先不考虑到相关约束机制存在,从个体、社会等角度进行博弈分析,然后将道德机制引入到个体博弈之中,改变博弈的收益结构,使援助成为社会个体的最优选择,从而减少社会冷漠行为的发生。     

直辖市“双一流”高校专利合作与知识流动研究

考察我国直辖市"双一流"高校的专利合作网络演化,为提升直辖市的科技创新合作效率,提升科技创新能力和城市创新综合竞争力,为技术创新主体选择技术合作伙伴、探究地区间、高校间知识流动提供经验、启示。本文运用合作强度Salton指数、专利引用、绝对合作频次等,以Patentics和国家知识产权局专利数据库为工具,获取直辖市"双一流"高校合作专利数据,构建高校间的专利合作矩阵,采用合作网络可视化分析,梳理直辖市"双一流"高校专利合作网络,揭示网络环境下高校科技创新和知识流动的特征及趋势,给出提升高校专利合作的建议。结果表明:直辖市"双一流"高校校际专利合作的强同城倾向,清华大学、北京大学、复旦大学是京沪两地的专利合作核心高校。清华大学、上海交通大学、天津大学专利申请量居前三,清华大学、上海交通大学的专利被引量居前,清华大学、上海交通大学、天津大学为专利合作的核心高校,对知识流动影响深刻。不足之处在于专利只能部分反映高校间的技术创新合作,合作申请只是技术合作的一部分,还包括科技论文合作和成果转化。     

关于提高我国公共行政管理绩效评估途径的思考

政府行政管理在社会中发挥着重要的作用，而我国现实中政府行政管理的绩效却存在严重的问题，应根据我国实际，探索提高政府行政管理绩效以及进行政府行政管理绩效评估的途径。     

两种政府信息资源元数据的分析与比较及其对我国的启示

本文在分析政府信息管理领域对元数据的应用需求的基础上，较为详细地介绍了GILS与DC－Government这两种政府信息资源元数据，并从性质与功能、语义结构、句法结构以及扩展性等四个方面对二者进行了分析与比较，并由此出发对建立我国电子政务信息资源的标准化描述机制提出了几点建议。