Government as entrepreneur: Evaluating the commercialization success of SBIR projects

Thinking of government as entrepreneur is a unique lens through which to view a subset of government actions. The lens is not a template for an evaluation of government policy; rather, it is a characterization that underscores the government's purposeful intent, ability to act in new and innovative ways, and willingness to undertake policy actions that have uncertain outcomes. Our focus is on the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. We argue that the innovative action of government - the innovative use of public resources through the SBIR program to target and support research in small firms - does lessen innovation barriers that cause small firms to underinvest in R&D. However, this government action is subject to entrepreneurial risk, namely the a priori uncertainty that the funded research will result in a commercialized product, process, or service. We quantify the uncertainty that the government accepts in the context of innovation supported by the SBIR program; or stated alternatively, we quantify the probability that a project funded by the SBIR program will fail to commercialize its results. Our empirical results show that the entrepreneurial risk that characterizes the SBIR program is, on average, somewhat more than the probability of failing to get heads on the toss of a fair coin. Importantly, however, our evidence shows that there is a large range in the entrepreneurial risk that the government accepts—across the projects, the predicted probability of failure covers essentially the entire range from 0 to 1.0.     

我国竞技篮球后备人才培养政府职能的研究

运用文献资料等研究方法,以我国竞技篮球后备人才培养过程中的政府职能为研究对象,重点探讨了政府体育事业职能的含义和内容、体育后备人才培养事业的性质以及实施我国竞技篮球后备人才培养的政府职能的原则、路径和渠道。     

生态理念与师德建设

以生态理念来进行师德建设,一是要引进“生态伦理”的概念和机制,使学校进入一种生态和谐运转的状态;二是要引导教师把教育当作一种“生态教育”,把教育事业心当作教育工作者的生态存在的确证;三是要引导教师从生态伦理学的角度认识并自觉培养良好的道德品质和行为作风;四是要引导教师从生态存在的意义上理解和实行博学多思、“专”而“不器”。     

政府与体育社会组织：从主管、监管到合作、培育* ——从文化变迁的视角

我国政府与体育社会组织的关系目前所面临的改革,实质上可以归纳为一个文化变迁的发生.依据文化变迁的相关理论,政府与体育社会组织关系的改革,基本上属于内部变迁,所以它的变迁过程是由内到外而自发生成的.通过分析内层社会价值观和和中层政策制度分别发生了怎样的变迁及其对外层宏观管理模式变迁的影响,主要探讨了政府对体育社会组织的宏观管理模式.研究认为,改革前政府对体育社会组织的宏观管理模式可以归纳为主管和监管,随着社会价值观和政策制度的变迁,政府对体育社会组织的宏观管理模式应该逐步转变为合作和培育.     

政府与社区全民健身公共服务联动逻辑及路径创新

政府与社区全民健身公共服务联动已成为政府密切关注及公众普遍关心的重要民生议题之一.本文从多视角解读两者联动逻辑关系:"闭式环形"逻辑、"多主体协作"逻辑和"线面层次耦合"逻辑.探索联动中呈现的政策联动阻滞服务结构有效对接、资源联动制约服务机制长效发展、治理联动滞后服务模式创新的现实囧厄.提出以居民需求信息为起点,落实和执行政策为导向,构建政府职能结构、供给结构、质量结构、能力结构与社区居民的服务结构、需求结构、规模结构、能力结构相匹配的服务对接路径;以信息资源为中心,创建全民健身公共服务共享的诚信数据库,构建多主体间"点-线-面"相结合的协作供给路径;以居民健身价值诉求为核心,与社会组织建立无缝的信任合作关系,构建"需求、规则、利益、公平"四维一体的多中心协同治理路径.营造政府与社区全民健身公共服务联动发展共生共赢局面.     

粤港政府在高校科技成果转化中的作用比较

以体制不同、地域毗邻的粤港两地政府及高校为研究对象,从政府的政策和科技资金投入等方面比较分析粤港两地政府在高校科技成果转化中的作用,在较深的层次上得出两者之间的相同点和不同点,并由此提出几点政策性建议。     

产业集群中的政府行为研究

在分析政府在产业集群中的作用的基础上,提出不同层级政府在产业集群不同发展阶段中的行为模式。     

试论政府在实施素质教育中的角色与责任

实施素质教育政府具有特殊的角色和地位,政府在素质教育中应该成为教育的主要投资者、宏观管理者。目前还存在政府教育管理部门人员的专业素质不够,政府制定的政策本身存在缺失,政府不能在实施素质教育中充分发挥应有的职能等问题。为使政府在实施素质教育中充分发挥应有的职能,应扩大教育的投入与管理,提升政府官员的素质,调整相应政策,建立全面推进素质教育的机制。     

The impact of government-supported participative loans on the growth of entrepreneurial ventures

We study the employment and sales growth of entrepreneurial ventures that have received a government-sponsored participative loan (PL), a hybrid form of financing between debt and equity. We use propensity-score matching (PSM) and instrumental variable analysis (2SLS) to study a sample of 512 entrepreneurial ventures that received a PL from a Spanish government agency between 2005 and 2011. We find evidence that PLs significantly boosted their beneficiaries’ employment and sales. In the two years following loan issuance, a 1-million-Euro PL generated an increase in average employment of between 12.1 (PSM) and 14.7 (2SLS) units and an increase in sales of between 1.09 and 1.97 million Euro relative to the average for the two years prior to loan issuance. The effect is larger for high-tech, young and small entrepreneurial ventures and for those that received a PL during the global financial crisis. The effect on growth is significant and stable, and PLs increase their beneficiaries’ annual growth by 10.6% for employment and by 18.0% for sales. We do not find evidence of industry or regional spillovers, nor do we find differences in the probability of survival of PL beneficiaries after we control for their characteristics.     

浅析宪法中的公民权

多年来,宪法中的公民权一直被世人所关注,学术界对此问题也做了一些努力,但学者们对该问题的认识还有诸多的分歧。科学地界定宪法中的公民权,不仅有助于公民权利的实现．而且还有助于宪法中的公民权制度的完整性。通过对新中国宪政建设的历史回顾．思考宪法与宪政之间的关系,可根据目前的显示情况对完善宪法中公民权的必要性从多方面进行分析．可以看出对公民权的尊重与维护是宪政精神的精髓。