Internet information-seeking and its relation to support for access to government records

Public access to government records is essential for democratic self-governance, and attitudes toward that right can facilitate or hinder public policy regarding transparency. As more people use the internet for gathering information about their governments and communities, it is unknown whether such online information-seeking is related to increased support for government transparency and the right to request public records. This paper applies a uses and gratification theory approach to examine internet information use and its relation to support for citizen and press access to government records. Three U.S. studies examined media-use correlates with support for government transparency: a paper questionnaire survey of college students (N = 614), an online survey (N = 1819), and a random-digit-dial telephone survey of randomly selected U.S. adults (N = 403). Analyses indicated varying results for television and newspaper use, but in all three datasets reliance on the internet for information was positively associated with support for access to public records. Implications for government transparency in a society increasingly reliant on the internet for information are discussed.     

网络舆论的发展态势和社会影响

网络舆论的发达,在自上而下权力高度集中的政治格局中,引入了自下而上的舆论监督,成为现行公共管理机制的一种补充。进入2009年,微博客成为最新锐的舆论载体,但新闻跟帖的功能有所弱化。互联网在社会生活中继续虎虎生威,政府网络发言人进入网络社区,网民参政议政的渠道也在继续拓宽。     

The impact of government-supported participative loans on the growth of entrepreneurial ventures

We study the employment and sales growth of entrepreneurial ventures that have received a government-sponsored participative loan (PL), a hybrid form of financing between debt and equity. We use propensity-score matching (PSM) and instrumental variable analysis (2SLS) to study a sample of 512 entrepreneurial ventures that received a PL from a Spanish government agency between 2005 and 2011. We find evidence that PLs significantly boosted their beneficiaries’ employment and sales. In the two years following loan issuance, a 1-million-Euro PL generated an increase in average employment of between 12.1 (PSM) and 14.7 (2SLS) units and an increase in sales of between 1.09 and 1.97 million Euro relative to the average for the two years prior to loan issuance. The effect is larger for high-tech, young and small entrepreneurial ventures and for those that received a PL during the global financial crisis. The effect on growth is significant and stable, and PLs increase their beneficiaries’ annual growth by 10.6% for employment and by 18.0% for sales. We do not find evidence of industry or regional spillovers, nor do we find differences in the probability of survival of PL beneficiaries after we control for their characteristics.     

政府购买服务与档案社会化存管述论

推广政府购买服务"是党的十八届三中全会提出的全面深化改革的举措之一。鉴于目前全社会档案数量急遽增长与馆库容量普遍不足的矛盾日益突出,推广政府购买社会化存管服务已成必然之势,一味地固守行政思路将无以解困。必须突破体制,创新思维,走出新路。其次,社会化档案存管市场目前尚处于自发的形成阶段,企业资质参差不齐,行业规范空置,其原因与政府监管缺位密切相关。解决的关键,政府监管与行业自治双管齐下,从设立行业准入门槛和创建制度环境入手,做大做强档案社会化存管市场,使之成为国有档案存管体系的有效补充。     

政府信息资源趋利性整合共享及其应对策略

趋利性是政府信息资源整合共享中的重要特征,表现为部门间的横向政府信息资源趋利性整合共享、层级间的纵向政府信息资源趋利性整合共享、整合多利政府信息资源内部共享以及整合少利或无利政府信息资源内外共享。在信息时代,公众对政府信息资源的要求趋向于公开化、透明化、个性化,这与政府信息资源整合共享中所表现的趋利性是相背离的。在政府信息资源的趋利性整合共享中,涉及主体——政府、客体——政府信息资源以及受众——利用者,应对政府信息资源趋利性整合共享,可从它所涉及的主客体以及受众两个层面寻找策略。     

粤港政府在高校科技成果转化中的作用比较

以体制不同、地域毗邻的粤港两地政府及高校为研究对象,从政府的政策和科技资金投入等方面比较分析粤港两地政府在高校科技成果转化中的作用,在较深的层次上得出两者之间的相同点和不同点,并由此提出几点政策性建议。     

Anonymous Communication Policies for the Internet: Results and Recommendations of the AAAS Conference

The Internet offers new opportunities for anonymous and pseudonymous communications. Users can, for example, engage in political advocacy, receive counseling, and perform commercial transactions without disclosing their identities. The cloak of anonymity can also facilitate socially unacceptable or criminal activities because of the difficulty in holding anonymous users accountable. This article reports the results of a conference on anonymous communication organized by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Among the findings were that online anonymous communication is morally neutral; that it should be considered a strong human and constitutional right; that online communities should be allowed to set their own policies on the use of anonymous communication; and that individuals should be informed about the extent to which their identity is disclosed online. The article discusses how anonymous communications can be shaped by the law, education, and public awareness, and highlights the importance of involving all affected interests in policy development.     

政府购买教育评估服务规程探析

由第三方评估机构实施评估工作是管办评分离的重要保障。第三方机构应该通过竞争获得政府委托实施评估,为政府、被评方和社会提供优质、多样的教育评估服务。文章探讨了政府在购买第三方评估服务时的注意事项,指出首先要明确划定"管""评"双方的职能边界,其次要认定第三方机构资质,最后是规范政府购买流程。文章还探讨了在这个过程中应该采纳的规程。规程的探讨对提升公共服务质量和资金利用效率等具有重要意义。     

Why has the investment performance of technology-specialist, European venture capital funds been so poor?

This paper seeks to identify and model the key parameters which impact on the commercial performance of a specialist, technology focused, early-stage, venture capital fund. Using both input (costs) and output (expected values) data provided by a number of specialist, independent venture capital firms, a spreadsheet model of a 10 year term fund is developed. These figures are used to generate Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net Present Value (NPV) performance calculations for the investment commitments of both the institutional, limited partners and venture capitalist, general partner. The generically defined model allows the user to address both conceptual and pragmatic questions regarding the relationship between fund structure and performance. The model is further developed to determine the effect on fund performance of two venture capital related, ‘indirect' State support schemes (guarantee and leverage options). Iterative interrogations of the model demonstrate the sensitivity of economic returns to the scale of the investment activity. State supported schemes mitigate but do not remove the negative performance consequences of small fund size. A fund with under £15 million (US$25 million or ECU21 million) under management is of increasing economic vulnerability.     

论鲍罗廷帮助武汉政府摆脱困境的策略

蒋介石发动“四·一二”政变,导致中外反动势力联合围困武汉政府。共产国际全力帮助武汉政府摆脱困境,其代表鲍罗廷提出了一系列对策。经济上,提出“战略退却”策略;军事上,全力支持武汉政府举行第二次北伐;政治上,主张在武汉国民政府占领区内实行土地革命。上述对策,有的收到了一些成效,有的则由于他们对武汉国民党中央及其政府认识上出现偏颇,无法付诸实现。