Effect of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients

Hemodialysis represents a chronic stress status for its recipients. Many hypotheses state that this may be associated with oxidative stress. Thus, there may be deficiency of antioxidants like erythrocytic superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin E or increased generation of free radicals like superoxide anions. A study was carried out to investigate oxidant and antioxidant status in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis and effect of vitamin E supplementation on these two status. Blood samples were collected from patients before and after hemodialysis and from controls. The samples were analyzed for quantitation of MDA as index of lipid peroxide, nitric oxide, vitamin E, vitamin C and enzymatic antioxidants namely erythrocyte SOD and catalase. As compared to controls, the levels of serum MDA were significantly increased and activities of erythrocyte SOD and catalase, levels of serum nitric oxide, serum vitamin E and plasma vitamin C were significantly decreased both before and after hemodialysis. The efficiency of vitamin E therapy in hemodialysis patients was assessed by re-evaluating oxidant and antioxidant status of same patients after supplementation of vitamin E. Vitamin E supplementation caused decrease in serum MDA and increase in levels of serum nitric oxide, vitamin E, vitamin C and activities of erythrocytic SOD and catalase. Our results suggest the presence of oxidative stress and the possible preventive role of vitamin E therapy in hemodialysis patients.     

Effect of Vitamin E on sP-Selectin Levels in Pre-Eclampsia

P-selectin, a cell adhesion molecule is elevated in many inflammatory conditions including preeclampsia which is characterized by generalized endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction presumably due to free radicals or mediators released by defective placentation. Vitamin E has been documented to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage and also decrease platelet aggregation. The role of vitamin E in pre-eclampsia is contradictory and hence the study was undertaken. Soluble P-selectin was measured by ELISA and Vitamin-E levels in plasma was estimated spectrofluorometrically. In our study the effect of supplementation of 400 IU/day of Vitamin E (a-tocopheryl acetate) to patients of pre-eclampsia showed significant decreased levels of soluble P-selectin by 2nd week as compared to patients given placebo (P = 0.005). In this short period of study no direct correlations were observed between Vitamin E or P-selectin levels with blood pressure as well as with proteinuria. Future studies may focus on the effect of a-tocopheryl acetate or the phosphate form of Vitamin-E, recently proposed to be the more active form on other inflammatory markers like IL-6, an important stimuli of P-selectin release in pre-eclampsia.     

Vitamin E status in protein energy malnutrition

Serum vitamin E and cholesterol concentrations were measured in 50 children with protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and results were compared with a group of 50 normal controls. Mean serum vitamin E concentration as well as vitamin E/cholesterol ratio were found to be reduced in children with PEM while their mean serum cholesterol level was not significantly different from the control group. Data suggest that the reduced levels of serum vitamin E in PEM may be a result of malnutrition per se.     

芦丁和维生素C对大鼠力竭运动后自由基代谢的影响

观察了芦丁和维生素 C对大鼠力竭运动后脂质过氧化水平 (L PO) ,超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH— Px)活性的影响。结果显示 :芦丁和维生素 C可降低大鼠力竭运动后脂质过氧化水平 ,提高大鼠力竭运动后超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性。此结果说明 :芦丁和维生素 C可减少力竭运动后因脂质过氧化而产生的自由基 ,提高机体抵抗运动性疲劳的能力 ,并对防止运动损伤也有一定的作用。     

香蕉成熟过程中有机物含量变化的分析测定

利用苯酚法、考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法、抗坏血酸法分别测定香蕉成熟过程中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C的含量变化以及淀粉用酸水解转化成葡萄糖后,测定葡萄糖含量,根据葡萄糖含量换算成淀粉含量.通过对比生、熟香蕉中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、淀粉的含量来研究香蕉成熟过程中有机物含量的变化情况.结果显示:香蕉成熟过程中,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量均增加,而淀粉、维生素C含量却减少.     

维生素B1缺乏对运动能力的影响

维生素B1的磷酸化形式作为辅酶参与生物体代谢中的许多重要反应，维生素B1的缺乏会影响糖代谢功能和神经系统功能的正常发挥，本论述了维生素B1对糖代谢作用机制和神经系统的影响，分析了维生素B1缺乏对运动员运动能力的影响。     

Metabolic Bone Profile of Healthy Adult North Indian Population from Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study (CUBES)

We aimed to estimate metabolic bone profile in a large cohort of healthy, adult Indian population to generate reference standards of serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 25 (OH) Vitamin D and iPTH, and also to find out the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in healthy population. Apparently healthy people in the age group of 20–80 years, residing in the union territory of Chandigarh were chosen. Fasting samples for serum calcium, phosphate, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 25 (OH) D and iPTH were collected and were processed on the same day. We recruited 930 healthy subjects from different subsectors of Chandigarh. Final analysis was done for 915 subjects. Out of this, 530 (58%) were women and 385 (42%) were men. The study participants were divided into two groups, less than and more than 50 years for the men and pre and post-menopausal for the women. The serum calcium, phosphate, ALP and iPTH were significantly higher in the post-menopausal women compared to the pre-menopausal women. The median plasma 25 (OH) D in men and women was 12.5 ng/mL and 14.3 ng/mL, respectively. 25 (OH) D deficiency was seen in 65.4% of individuals. 25 (OH) D levels co-related negatively with iPTH levels (r = − 0.4, p < 0.0001), and showed an increasing trend with age. We have thus presented metabolic bone profile of healthy, adult north Indian population. These reference values can be used for diagnosis and monitoring of various MBDs. Vitamin D deficiency is still rampant in our population in spite of increasing awareness.     

高效液相色谱法测定深海鱼油中维生素E的含量

建立深海鱼油中维生素E含量的测定方法,用甲醇-乙腈-二氯甲烷(1∶1∶1)作为溶剂溶解样品,利用高效液相色谱法测定样品中维生素E的含量.结果显示康麦斯深海鱼油中维生素E含量为0.484 6 mg/g.该方法操作简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高.     

枣果中维生素C含量的测定及比较研究

本研究为测定和比较新疆和田枣、稷山板枣及酸枣中的维生素C含量,分别采用紫外分光光度法和钼蓝比色法测定新疆和田枣、稷山板枣及酸枣中维生素C的含量,结果表明,紫外分光光度法得到的结果的标准差均小于钼蓝比色法得到的结果,同时回收率也高于钼蓝比色法,因此采用紫外分光光度法测得的结果。新疆和田枣的维生素C含量为18.58mg/100g,稷山板枣的Vc含量10.93mg/100g,酸枣的维生素C含量为70.50mg/100g,各种枣果维生素C含量排列顺序为酸枣〉新疆和田枣〉稷山板枣。     

Cardioprotective response to chronic administration of vitamin E in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis: Hemodynamic,biochemical and ultrastructural studies

The present study evaluated the cardioprotective potential of vitamin-E by studying its effect on hemodynamic parameters, lipid peroxidation, myocyte injury marker and ultrastructural changes in model of isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Wistar albino male rats (150–200 g) were randomly divided into saline, ISP control, and vit E groups. Vitamin E group was administered vitamin E at a dose of 100mg/kg/day while saline and ISP control groups received saline orally for one month. On 29^th and 30^th day, ISP (85 mg/kg, sc) was administered at an interval of 24 h to vit E and ISP control rats. On 31^st day, rats of all groups were anesthetized and hemodynamic parameters were recorded. At the end of experimentation, animals were sacrificed; hearts were excised and processed for biochemical and ultrastructural studies. ISP administration produced marked cardiac necrosis as evidenced by significant decrease in my ocardial creatine kinase-MB as well as increase in malonaldialdehyde levels. ISP-induced myocardial necrosis resulted in myocardial dysfunction as evidenced by significant depression in heart rate and mean arterial pressure in the ISP control group as compared to saline control. Salient ultrastructural changes including extensive loss of myofibrils, muscle necrosis, loss of mitochondria, and formation of several intracytoplasmic vacuoles and lipid droplets further confirmed the ISP-induced myocardial damage. However, subsequent to ISP challenge, vit E treatment significantly preserved the myocardium by restoring myocardial CK-MB activity, inhibiting the ISP-induced lipid peroxidation and ultrastructural changes. Additionally, pre-and co-treatment of vit E prevented the deleterious ultrastructural changes caused by ISP. These beneficial effects of chronic vit E treatment also translated into significant restoration of the altered hemodynamic parameters. The present study clearly demonstrated the cardioprotective potential of vit E at dose of 100 mg/kg in ISP-induced model of myocardial necrosis in rats. The significant restoration of altered hemodynamic parameters, myocardial CK-MB activity, prevention of ISP-induced rise in lipid peroxidation and ultrastructural changes may confirm its cardioprotective effect.