维生素E对畜禽肉质影响的研究进展

维生素E是一种天然的生物抗氧化剂。饲粮中添加维生素E可以提高畜禽肉品中的维生素E含量,提高肉中脂肪的稳定性,从而提高肉品品质。本文对维生素E的抗氧化机制及其对肉品品质的作用效果进行了综述。     

VE干预对模拟高原训练大鼠血清脂质过氧化物的影响

以SD雄性大鼠为研究对象,建立用低压氧舱模拟高原4000m低氧环境的动物训练模型,观察VE干预对模拟高原训练大鼠血清脂质过氧化物(LPO)水平的影响。结果表明:3周模拟高原训练后,大鼠血清脂质过氧化物(LPO)水平明显降低(P<0 05),VE干预使这一变化更明显(P<0 01)。     

维生素E治疗运动性腰背肌肉筋膜炎的临床观察

维生素E能改善微循环和局部组织营养状况，参与组织细胞的氧代谢；运用维生素E治疗腰背肌肉筋膜炎患者，改善了肌肉组织细胞的氧代谢，有利于对损伤组织的修复，在临床上取得了满意的疗效。     

维生素E和硒对运动大鼠心肌线粒体抗氧化能力的影响

给大鼠腹腔注射亚硒酸钠维生素Ｅ复合注射液０．４ｍｌ／Ｋｇ．Ｗ．Ｄ，４５天，测定疲劳性游泳前后心肌线粒体抗氧化能力的有关指标。发现，亚硒酸钠维生素Ｅ使大鼠游泳耐力提高了7５．８２％，并抑制大鼠疲劳性游泳后心肌线粒体脂质过氧化程度．提高超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）的活性；在对膜结构的保护上，硒、维生素Ｅ的作用主要体现在能抑制疲劳性运动导致的线粒体膜流动性的降低，保护膜蛋白功能的正常。     

有氧运动力竭后摄入维生素C对IgA和IgG的影响——以武术运动员为例

以24位武术运动员为研究样本,分析武术运动员在从事高强度有氧训练至力竭后维生素C摄入量对其血清免疫球蛋白A和G所产生的影响.研究显示:维生素C的摄入对实验对象血清IgA,IgG和皮质醇浓度产生显著影响(P≤0.05),维生素C诱导增加IgA和IgG的浓度,进而可能有助于改善免疫性能和降低传染病的感染风险;同时,实验对象血液中皮质醇水平明显下降(P≤0.05).结果表明,在从事高强度有氧训练至体力极限后摄入维生素C有助于改善某些免疫系统指标.     

Association between serum vitamin D and severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients: a systematic meta-analysis

To conduct a systematic review of group studies assessing the association of serum vitamin D status with the severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients using meta-analysis. The relevant research literatures were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases prior to October 2013 with no restrictions. We included group studies that reported odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or a mean with standard deviation (SD) for the association between serum vitamin D status and the severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Approximately 8321 participants from several countries were included in this analysis. Six studies on serum vitamin D status and the severity of liver fibrosis were included in this meta-analysis. ORs with 95% CIs were extracted from four studies and the pooled ORs were 0.866 (95% CI, 0.649 to 1.157). The means with SDs were extracted from three studies and the pooled means were −0.487 (95% CI, −0.659 to −0.315). There was statistically significant heterogeneity among the mean data extracted studies (P=0.029; I ²=71.8%) but not among the OR data extracted studies (P=0.061; I ²=55.6%). Finally, results from the mean data extracted studies suggest that lower serum vitamin D is a risk factor for the severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. However, there is no conclusive evidence on this association because of inconsistencies between the OR data extracted studies and the mean data extracted studies.     

浅谈维生素D

文章论述维生素D的性质及其应用,并对存在的问题进行了一些浅谈,提出了一些意见。     

Pharmacogenetic Aspects of Coumarinic Oral Anticoagulant Therapies

Coumarinic oral-anticoagulants (COAs) are commonly used for treatment of thromboembolic events. However, these medications have a narrow therapeutic range and there are large inter-individual variations in drug response. This is especially important in the initial phases of oral-anticoagulant therapy. Recent advancements in pharmacogenetics have established that clinical outcomes in oral-anticoagulant therapy are affected by genetic factors. The allelic variants of genes like cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) are closely associated with maintenance dose of oral anti-coagulants. In addition, GGCX (Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase) polymorphism at position 12970 (rs11676382), CYP4F2 (rs2108622; V433M; 1347 C > T) and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) variants have been shown to explain a small but significant influence on dose requirements. There are large differences in the frequencies of these polymorphisms between different world populations which are also related to the requirements of oral anticoagulants. However, the final drug dosage in an individual is determined by complex sets of genetic and environmental factors and several dosing algorithms which combine clinical and genetic parameters to predict therapeutic COA doses have also been developed. The algorithm based dose prediction shows the importance of pharmacogenetic testing in patients undergoing oral anticoagulant therapies.     

Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Hypertension

Role of Vitamin D supplementation was studied in patients with hypertension. One hundred hypertensive patients (group I) were given conventional antihypertensive drugs while another 100 patients (group II), in addition, were supplemented with Vitamin D₃ (33,000 IU, after every 2 weeks, for 3 months). Besides diastolic and systolic blood pressure, serum calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, albumin-corrected calcium, and 24 h urinary creatinine levels were estimated in both the groups before the start of treatment and after 3 months. Vitamin D supplementation showed a more significant decrease in systolic blood pressure. This group also showed a significant increase in serum calcium as well as albumin-corrected calcium with a decrease in phosphorous. Results of the study confirm that Vitamin D supplementation has a role in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients and that it should be supplemented with the antihypertensive drugs. More extensive studies with a larger group, to draw a definite conclusion, are in progress.     

Exercise training and antioxidant supplementation independently improve cognitive function in adult male and female GFAP-APOE mice

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if antioxidant supplementation, moderate exercise, and the combination of both treatments could ameliorate cognitive performance in adult mice and whether the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype as well as sex could influence the functional outcomes of the treatments.MethodsFor a period of 16 weeks, separate groups of male and female mice expressing either the human APOE3 or APOE4 isoforms were fed either a control diet (NIH-31) or the control diet supplemented with vitamins E and C (1.12 IU/g diet α-tocopheryl acetate and 1.65 mg/g ascorbic acid). The mice were further separated into a sedentary group or a group that followed a daily exercise regimen. After 8 weeks on the treatments, the mice were administered a battery of functional tests including tests to measure cognitive and affective function.ResultsThere was no effect of genotype or treatment on the learning performance in the Morris water maze. In the discriminated avoidance task, APOE4 mice performed better in learning the discrimination component of the task. Overall, exercise improved performance of APOE4 and APOE3 mice on various aspects of the active avoidance task. Antioxidant supplementation improved performance only in the APOE4 mice. On the test for anxiety, APOE4 mice spent more time in the open arms and supplementation with antioxidant reversed that effect.ConclusionExercise was the most effective treatment at improving cognitive function in both genotypes and sex, while antioxidants seemed to be effective only in the APOE4. In young adult mice only non-spatial learning and memory were improved. The combination of the two treatments did not yield further improvement in cognition, and there was no antagonistic action of the antioxidant supplementation on the beneficial effects of exercise.