Measuring value‐added in higher education: conditions and caveats – results from using the Measure of Academic Proficiency and Progress (MAPP™)

The Commission on the Future of Higher Education in the USA emphasises accountability in higher education as one of its key areas of interest. A programme, called the Voluntary System of Accountability, was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of general public college education. This study examines how students progress in college, indicated by the performance difference between freshmen and seniors after controlling for admission scores, can be measured using the Measure of Academic Proficiency and Progress? (MAPP?) test. A total of 6196 students from 23 institutions was included in this study. Results indicated that MAPP was able to differentiate between the performance of freshmen and seniors after controlling for SAT^®/ACT scores. The institutions were classified into 10 groups on the basis of the difference in the actual versus expected MAPP performance. The assumptions and implications of linking student learning growth to institutional effectiveness are discussed. Methodological issues on value‐added calculation and student motivation in taking standardised tests are also noted.     

日本无条件投降的决策过程

日本无条件投降决策，经历了一个漫长的过程。导致其一再错过主动投降求和的主要原因，是一直对回避战败地位、逃避战后处罚和延续固有统治，抱有不切实际的幻想。但随着战场上的节节败退，骄横狂妄的日本统治层也不得不朝着投降议和方向在运作。原子弹的袭击为日本提供了“天佑良机”：它不只是给军部强硬派的继战意志带来毁灭性打击，扫清了最后障碍，而且转移了民众追究战败政治责任的视线，回避了国内革命运动兴起，并进而实现了对天皇形象的重新塑造。日本决策者普遍认为，其投降是以美国默认天皇制继续存在为前提的。如果再联系战后象征天皇制的如愿采用，很难说日本的投降是无条件的。     

Who will volunteer? Analysing individual and structural factors of volunteering in Swiss sports clubs

Abstract

This article analyses the conditions influencing volunteering in sports clubs. It focuses not only on individual characteristics of volunteers but also on the corresponding structural conditions of sports clubs. It proposes a model of voluntary work in sports clubs based on economic behaviour theory. The influences of both the individual and context levels on the decision to engage in voluntary work are estimated in different multilevel models. Results of these multilevel analyses indicate that volunteering is not just an outcome of individual characteristics such as lower workloads, higher income, children belonging to the sports club, longer club memberships, or a strong commitment to the club. It is also influenced by club-specific structural conditions; volunteering is more probable in rural sports clubs whereas growth-oriented goals in clubs have a destabilising effect.     

义务馆员教育培训的探讨

教育培训是成功实行义务馆员制度的必要条件之一。图书馆应该通过教育培训使义务馆员具备执行任务所必备的知识与技巧,从而激发义务馆员的潜能,提升其服务水平与服务质量,使义务馆员的行为标准化,同时图书馆应通过培训课程的评估总结经验,使今后的教育培训做得更好。     

同一苍黄路 英雄识所归——丘逢甲与丘菽园交往之初探

丘逢甲内渡之初,丘菽园是几个敢援之以手者之一,后因菽园受朝廷招安而割席。该文就两丘交往四年间,菽园为逢甲保存、刊印诗文,唱和、书信内容,海内外保皇党人活动与联系,以及两人对招安的心态进行初步的探讨。     

台湾地区体育志愿服务推广模式研究

研究台湾地区体育志愿服务推广模式,以质的研究范式为指导,通过文献资料法、深度访谈法行之,研究结果发现,台湾地区志愿服务受到法律保障;在推广模式方面要明确政策方针加大民间参与力度,加强两岸体育公益交流,深化志愿服务专业程度,强化利他观念培育,促进志愿服务常态发展。     

论亚里士多德自制

自制是伦理学体系中常常被忽略的品质,但却异常重要。本文主要探讨与人的心理意志相关的品质,自制在主动的行为选择过程中奴及在实践中的重要性,并从知识入手,结合自愿行为的选择与道德德性的关系,对亚里士多德自制伦理思想进行了阐述与分析。