The role of task and ego-oriented climate in explaining students’ bright and dark motivational experiences in Physical Education

Background: A distinction is made in Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) between task-oriented (i.e. effort, intra-individual progress, and self-comparison) and ego-oriented (i.e. inter-individual progress and normative comparison) climates. Combining insights from AGT and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), studies in the PE context have shown that a task-oriented climate positively relates to need satisfaction, although the findings regarding the motivating role of an ego-oriented climate are inconsistent. Moreover, little is known about the role of task- or ego-oriented climates in explaining experiences of basic psychological need frustration.

Purpose: Grounded in AGT and SDT, the aim of the present study was to examine if experiences of basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration can explain why task- and ego-oriented climates elicit positive and negative motivational outcomes in PE, respectively.

Research design: Cross-sectional study.

Method: A sample of 524 secondary school students (51.1% boys, M_age?=?14.51; SD?=?1.81) from five different secondary schools participated in this study. Students reported on their perceptions of task- and ego-oriented climates, motivational regulations, basic psychological need satisfaction, and need frustration, as well as positive and negative outcomes in PE. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate our objective.

Results: We found that a task-oriented climate had a strong and positive relationship with basic psychological need satisfaction, eliciting a bright pathway to autonomous motivation and affective attitude. An ego-oriented climate was positively related to basic psychological need frustration, eliciting a dark pathway to amotivation and boredom. A negative cross-path from task-oriented climate to basic psychological need frustration was also found, while no significant cross-paths were found from ego-oriented climate to basic psychological need satisfaction.

Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms that explain why task- and ego-oriented climates shape students’ motivational experiences in PE lessons. It is suggested that a task-oriented climate elicits a bright pathway towards more optimal functioning, because it fosters experiences of need satisfaction and buffers against experiences of need frustration. In contrast, an ego-oriented climate is primarily positively related to feelings of need frustration and negative motivational outcomes. Practical implications for PE teacher training are discussed.     

篮球自由投篮练习中培养学生自我调节能力的调查与分析

近来,在训练和反省阶段过程中,调查了50名学生,发现他们获得了新的肌肉运动的技能（如自由投篮）和反省的信心。结果表明在参与者的训练中,自我调节阶段存在着绝对的线性趋势,以及他们的自由投射表演和投篮适应有明显提高。     

武汉市社区居民参加武术健身的动机调查分析

本文通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、对比法和逻辑推理法,对武汉市社区居民参加武术健身的动机进行了调查与分析。结果表明：强身健体是绝大多数武术健身者的首要动机。不同年龄段和不同性别的居民的首要动机并没有太大差异,都把强身健体、克服疾病和调节精神三项作为自己参加武术健身的主要动机。     

Top-down and bottom-up guidance in comprehension of schematic football diagrams

Comprehension of a narrated diagram entail complex cognitive processing as learner is challenged to extract the orally evoked information. The present experiment examined the effects of 2 different forms of attention guidance – bottom-up and top-down – on comprehension performance, cognitive load investment, and motivation to learn, using a 2 × 2 mixed design with factors “Expertise” (Expert vs. Novice) and “Condition” (no-signal, circle, segment). The results revealed an expertise reversal effect indicating that the incorporation of visual signals in diagram is effective for novice learners but partially reverses and becomes ineffective for more experienced learners (even though they invested less mental effort and reported higher level of motivation in the segmented condition). The findings suggested that the effectiveness of instructional guidance depends heavily on levels of prior knowledge.     

论高校教师薪酬激励的拓展

在高校中建立基于人力资本理念的新薪酬体系,果断、有效地运用新薪酬理论作为激励和改进高校教师绩效的重要工具,建立高校教师薪酬的延期分配计划,能促进高校人力资源战略的成熟发展,提高其核心竞争力。     

宽带薪酬的适用性分析

宽带薪酬作为一种新型的薪酬模式备受国内企业关注。在阐明宽带薪酬内涵及其现实意义的基础上,对宽带薪酬模式的适用性进行了分析,指出扁平化的组织结构、科学的绩效考核体系、强调公平的企业文化以及完善的激励机制是企业实施宽带薪酬所应具备的基本条件。     

从生存论的角度透视英语学习动机

从生存角度看,英语是社会生存发展的产物,是全球性的语言。英语学习的个人动机虽不同,却都与生存紧密相关,都是为了更好地生存。     

Profile and Motivations of Registered Whole-Body Donors in Turkey: Istanbul University Experience

Little is known regarding the profiles of whole body donors in Muslim majority countries where donation is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to profile registered donors in Turkey by means of a survey. The explored data could be used to improve ongoing campaign efforts and ethical practices such as commemoration services. Registered donors of the donation programs at the two faculties of medicine of Istanbul University were compared with the national population and a cluster analysis was performed to reveal any concealed sub-groups. Data from 188 respondents were analyzed. The majority of registered donors were married (42%), male (65.4%), aged over 50 years (76%), held a tertiary education degree (49.7%), and were irreligious (58.5%). Cluster analysis revealed two groups with significantly different educational levels, marital statuses, and religious choices. Regarding whether their bodies could be used for education or research, the majority (64.5%) of the respondents left the decision to the anatomy department. Similarly, 73.8% approved indefinite use of their organs, body parts and/or skeletons. The respondents were also willing to share their medical history (94.2%) and personal information (81.6%) if needed. Motivational themes for body donation including usefulness, impermanence, religion, awareness, and kinship were devised after a thematic analysis. Among the respondents, 56.5% were registered organ donors and 63.3% were frequent blood donors. The results of this study provide data that may help revising informed consent forms, developing and implementing thanksgiving ceremonies, and selecting additional targets for supporting body donation campaign activities such as organ and blood donation units.     

高校外聘人员有效激励管理方式研究

随着我国社会经济的快速发展,以多元化教育为代表的行业发展理念正在逐步地形成,各种不同规模、不同办学形式的高校开始尝试引入外聘人员,并结合高校自身的实际情况,采取固定编制人员与外聘人员相结合的管理模式,然而外聘人员数量的不断扩大虽然为我国高校增强了师资力量,但同时也在一定程度上增加了外聘人员的管理难度。本文针对高校外聘人员有效激励管理方式开展深入的探究。     

论高校学生冰雪体育课程学习动机的激发

学习动机是推动学生进行学习的一种内在动力,是评估大学冰雪体育课堂教学效果的重要尺度之一。采取理论研究的方法阐述了学习动机的作用及其特征,深入分析了大学冰雪体育课堂教学学生学习动机的影响因素,提出了大学冰雪体育课堂教学学生学习动机的激励模式。