Population differences in constructive memory

An experiment was conducted to evaluate constructive memory in fourth-grade low-SES black and middle-SES white children. The children were read nine short passages; each passage was composed of two premise statements and a filler sentence. The children were tested by a recognition procedure. Thirty-six test sentences were presented randomly. Four sentences were associated with each passage (true premise, false premise, true inference, and false inference). Subjects were asked to make yes/no recognition decisions based on whether the test sentence was identical to a sentence presented at study. Middle-SES white children made few errors, except to true inference test sentences. This pattern of performance is consistent with the constructive view of memory. Low-SES black children also had a high error rate to true inference items. However, this outcome may not reflect constructive memory because they also had a high error rate to some of the other types of test sentences.     

人口老龄化及其城市社区老年体育的发展

在分析我国人口老龄化背景及应对路径的基础上,结合南昌市社区老年体育状况,论述体育锻炼在应对人口老龄化挑战中的优势,研究认为发展社区老年体育是应对人口老龄化的重要途径,并在此基础上就发展社区老年体育工作,提出老年体育应成为社区体育工作重点、社区体育设施应考虑老年人的健身需求、切实加强老年人科学健身指导服务工作等几点建议.     

∑~-超子原子能级研究

对于奇异原子可近似视为Rydberg原子,并考虑Rydberg电子与原子实间的相互作用,由此方法计算核极化用以修正C.J.Batty光学模型势下的∑-208PB及∑-184W能级跃迁,其结果比用经典的方法计算出来的结果要精确得多,为超子原子的深入分析提供了理论上的依据.     

运用英语教学5W理论培养高职学生的英语阅读能力

在传播学5W理论基础上总结出的英语教学5W理论,即探讨英语教学中用who,when,where,what,which,why,how等引导学生在英语学习过程中,提炼关键词,抓住中心的一种方法。这种方法运用在高职院校英语教学中的阅读教学、听说教学、口语教学、写作教学等等,都能起到凸显作用,是引导学生在英语学习中快速提高能力的一种方法,也是在教学实践中证明可行的一种教学方法。     

5W2H视角下的高校图书馆学科化服务

采用5W2H分析法分析了高校图书馆开展学科化服务的含义、措施、意义、时机、环境、人员、评价等要素,并结合高校图书馆学科化服务实践对其进行阐释。     

Reciprocity of inter-ethnic attitudes in a multicultural society

A national survey of multicultural and ethnic attitudes in Canada was conducted in 1974 (n = 1849). Data were analysed for the 1244 respondents whose ethnicity could be determined as Angloceltic, French, German, Italian or Ukrainian Canadian, A five group by five group intergroup attitude matrix was created, with each group acting both as attitude object and as holder of attitudes. Analysis indicated the existence of reciprocity or balance in the matrix: groups tended to reflect the attitude held toward them back onto the group holding the attitude. However this structural balance was moderated by the existence of shared attitudes about the position of a group in the national ethnic hierarchy. Further analysis indicated the existence of ethnocentrism in the matrix: attitudes toward ingroup and positive reference groups were more positive than toward out-groups. Perceived intergroup similarity and familiarity were positively correlated with each other and with intergroup acceptance. Results were discussed in relation to attitude balance theory and ethnocentrism theory, and in their implication for intergroup research in multicultural societies.     

Contextual cues and depth of processing in short prose passages

Two experiments compared context and depth-of-processing strategies applied to the learning of short aurally presented prose passages. In the first study, contextual orientation led to significantly higher recall than a continue-paragraph condition, and both strategy groups performed significantly better than a nonstrategy control group. In the second experiment, continuing paragraphs was superior to generating contextual theme statements, with both strategies again superior to the controls. These results were discussed in terms of the ways in which processing demands effect memory for connected discourse.     

Communication channels within ethnic groups

Major channels of communication are examined for two major functions: providing news of the ethnic community, and linking ethnics to the “mother country.” The four major channels are: interpersonal channels (friends and neighbors), radio, local metropolitan daily newspapers, and ethnic-language newspapers. Size of ethnic group is linked to channel preference, and greater ethnicity is related to a preference for ethnic media for both functions. Lower SES ethnics lend to rely more on interpersonal communication and ethnic media, while higher SES ethnics turn more to metro media and magazines. Channel preference as indicated by respondents is also linked to actual usage patterns.