图书馆与智库

[目的/意义] 中国特色新型智库建设是国家战略,图书馆参与智库建设不仅是自身业务发展的需要,也是新时期的重要战略,本文主要探讨图书馆如何参与智库建设。[方法/过程] 通过分析图书馆与智库之间的关系,探索图书馆支持智库建设的路径,总结图书馆参与智库建设的主要任务和措施,逐步明晰图书馆支撑智库建设的机制。[结果/结论] 图书馆与智库具有紧密的关系,也应该在智库建设中应有所作为。图书馆支撑智库建设的路径包括开展智库基础研究、提升智库支撑服务、开展智库专题服务、图书馆自身智库研究。当前的任务是循序渐进地参与智库的研究、建设与服务,将图书馆的传统服务能力提升到智库服务能力。     

Gessoes in Portuguese Baroque gilding grounds,part 1: A study of historical documentary sources

The surviving gilded and polychrome altarpieces and sculptures in Portuguese churches, and the historical documents relating to them, offer an opportunity for understanding material and technological choices regarding gesso grounds. This paper focuses on the historical documentary research about gessoes — one aspect of a wider research project which also involved investigation of physical/chemical evidence, and archaeological reconstructions of gilded gesso grounds. Documentary research sheds light on the meaning of the terms used in historical documents, and on artists’ choice of materials and practices, production, and trade patterns of materials. It informs technological investigations and conservation decisions. The paper also stresses the importance of the evidence gained by using the historical and archaeological methodology applied in material culture studies, in which documentary, analytical, and experimental information complement and/or elucidate each other, leading to a comprehensive understanding of this technology.     

国内高校智库数据库建设现状及图书馆服务策略研究

[目的/意义] 数据库建设是智库发展的重要基础,通过调研国内高校智库数据库建设的现状和存在问题,为高校图书馆开展相关服务提供现实依据和参考。[方法/过程] 基于中国智库索引平台,通过网站调研,对254所高校智库数据库建设现状进行归类和总结,重点分析37个高校智库数据库的建设情况。[结果/结论] 高校智库数据库建设存在建库比例低、智库知识库缺乏、合作共享少、智库成果开发利用度低、检索功能不强以及更新和维护不及时等问题,高校图书馆可以从加强智库专题库和知识库建设、加强智库知识资源共建共享、加快智库决策信息平台建设、提升智库检索功能以及建立数据库可持续发展机制等方面入手,加强高校图书馆智库服务能力。     

科技智库的信息服务能力及服务模式研究

智库是国家软实力的重要组成部分。科技智库具有鲜明的科技特色,在推动科技发展,提升国家科技战略 谋划和实施能力方面均具有十分重要和独特的作用。提高科技智库的信息服务能力并完善其服务模式,能让集体智慧 更好地服务于科学决策,并在服务经济社会中发挥重大作用。在分析科技智库的硬件与软件要素的基础上,探讨科技 智库的4类信息资源需求,并从服务路径、服务特点和机制等方面归纳提炼科技智库的3种信息服务模式,为我国科技 智库建设提供借鉴。     

Development and Application of a Novel Rasch-based Methodology for Evaluating Multi-Tiered Assessment Instruments: Validation and utilization of an undergraduate diagnostic test of the water cycle

We describe the development and validation of a three-tiered diagnostic test of the water cycle (DTWC) and use it to evaluate the impact of prior learning experiences on undergraduates’ misconceptions. While most approaches to instrument validation take a positivist perspective using singular criteria such as reliability and fit with a measurement model, we extend this to a multi-tiered approach which supports multiple interpretations. Using a sample of 130 undergraduate students from two colleges, we utilize the Rasch model to place students and items along traditional one-, two-, and three-tiered scales as well as a misconceptions scale. In the three-tiered and misconceptions scales, high confidence was indicative of mastery. In the latter scale, a ‘misconception’ was defined as mastery of an incorrect concept. We found that integrating confidence into mastery did little to change item functioning; however, three-tiered usage resulted in higher reliability and lower student ability estimates than two-tiered usage. The misconceptions scale showed high efficacy in predicting items on which particular students were likely to express misconceptions, and revealed several tenacious misconceptions that all students were likely to express regardless of ability. Previous coursework on the water cycle did little to change the prevalence of undergraduates’ misconceptions.     

电子智库:何以可能与何以所为

随着知识政治的发展,传统智库的功能局限性日益明显。互联网技术的发展为改变这些局限性提供了可能性。论文通过将互联网技术引入传统智库之中,提出了电子智库这一概念,并从顶层架构、数据库模型、知识应用模块、运行机制四个方面进行了建构,以期革新传统智库的运行模式。     

美国海军陆战队水战生存训练初探

美国海军陆战队强调生存训练，特别是水战生存训练。简要介绍美国海军陆战队水战生存训练系统、水战生存分级训练的内容、各级别训练应注意的事项等方面的概况。     

“大班授课—小组研讨—学习性评价”教学模式在“水资源利用与保护”课程中的实践研究

为了提高“水资源利用与保护”课的教学效果,在该课程中实施了“大班授课—小组研讨—学习性评价”教学模式,通过深度访谈和问卷调查对教学效果进行考察,结果表明绝大部分学生认同这种教学模式,学生的总体参与度良好,学生在知识、能力、素质三个方面取得了多样化的收获,课程在组织方式、教学内容上仍有需要改进的地方。     

以能力培养为主线改革高职专业水泵与水泵站教学

高职专业的水泵与水泵站课程教学要突出高职特色，以能力培养为主线，改革教学内容，采用现代化教学手段，改进教学方法和考试办法。     

Mechanical parameters and flight phase characteristics in aquatic plyometric jumping

Plyometric jumping is a commonly prescribed method of training focused on the development of reactive strength and high-velocity concentric power. Literature suggests that aquatic plyometric training may be a low-impact, effective supplement to land-based training. The purpose of the present study was to quantify acute, biomechanical characteristics of the take-off and flight phase for plyometric movements performed in the water. Kinetic force platform data from 12 young, male adults were collected for counter-movement jumps performed on land and in water at two different immersion depths. The specificity of jumps between environmental conditions was assessed using kinetic measures, temporal characteristics, and an assessment of the statistical relationship between take-off velocity and time in the air. Greater peak mechanical power was observed for jumps performed in the water, and was influenced by immersion depth. Additionally, the data suggest that, in the water, the statistical relationship between take-off velocity and time in air is quadratic. Results highlight the potential application of aquatic plyometric training as a cross-training tool for improving mechanical power and suggest that water immersion depth and fluid drag play key roles in the specificity of the take-off phase for jumping movements performed in the water.