Effects of Diagrams on Mathematics Performance

Research on the facilitative effect of diagrams on solving mathematics problems is both inconsistent and inconclusive. This study investigates the effects of diagrams on 124 Singaporean pupils in three classes: Primary One and three, and Secondary One. Pupils' performance was measured with the use of teacher-written mathematics problems in the form of worksheets. Number of errors made on problems accompanied with and without diagrams were compared. Whether or not pupils benefit from diagrams was estimated by their patterns of errors made in the presence or absence of diagrams. Results both confirm and disconfirm previous findings and shed further light on the use of diagrams in mathematics.     

高等学校会计核算图解

根据国家教育委员会颁发的1989年1月1日起试行的“高等学校会计制度”的规定,绘制成10幅图解来介绍全国统一的高等学校现行的会计实务。本图解按资金收付记帐法绘制,左收右付、清晰地反映了帐户之间的对应关系,并且附有经济业务的简要说明。     

溶液中离子反应的接受势与优势图

根据水溶液中离子反应的特点,介绍了离子给体/受体共轭对的接受势和优势图,并结合实例阐述了接受势和优势图的应用。     

毛奇龄“推移”说与清代汉易复兴

毛奇龄提出易有变易、交易、转易、对易、移易,演《易》系辞用移易,并证之以经文。他从《系辞传》"乾坤成列"、"刚柔相推"、"方以类聚物以群分"出发,整合了易学史上以卦变为核心的易象说,提出移易说,以此详细推演了六十四卦之间的关系。毛氏的移易说以全新的易学象数视域解读《周易》经文和《易传》,从中提炼和抽绎出"移易"、"聚卦"、"分卦"等概念,进而解构和重建六十四卦符号系统,以此探索卦与卦之间的内在联系,从而形成与以往卦变说不同的、以移易为核心的符号系统。他以移易之象和其他象解《易》,成为清初复兴汉易最重要的标志。同时,他运用考据的方法对于宋代图书之学进行全面的检讨和批判,开清初考据学之学风,对于清中后期乾嘉学派形成和汉易鼎盛产生重大的影响。     

The Language of the Geography Text‐book: an historical appraisal

Graphic elicitation, i.e. asking participants to draw, is an interview technique used to focus the interviewee on the given topic or gain extra meaning not covered verbally as part of the interview. This study analyses two interview contexts which included visual elicitation. It describes a successful example in which the researcher maintained control over the mode of the planned research task (diagram) as well as another example in which slippage occurred between the mode of the planned research task (drawing) and the resulting artefact (diagram). Through this analysis, strategies for maintaining researcher control over the mode of elicitation are identified, increasing our understanding about the theory and practice of both drawings and diagrams as two different modes of visual elicitation. The paper concludes that the required control does not necessarily comprise an increase in task structure (directing participants as to how to draw). Moreover, the subject and purpose of the task are equally important. Successful researcher control then comprises a careful balance between all the three aspects of purpose, structure and subject.     

Science and engineering students’ use of diagrams during note taking versus explanation

The use of diagrams in learning and communication is generally considered efficacious and an important skill to cultivate, especially among science students. At the same time, previous research has revealed many problems in student diagram use, including a lack of spontaneity in such use, but the extent to which these problems persist into the tertiary level had not been investigated. The present study examined science and engineering university students’ use of diagrams in note taking to learn information from a written passage, and in a subsequent task of constructing an explanation of that information for another person. The results showed that the students used significantly fewer diagrams in explaining compared to when they were note taking, suggesting that many students may lack awareness of the usefulness of diagrams in effectively communicating information to others. The results also revealed that the students used significantly more diagrams in taking notes from and explaining a passage with higher imageability (i.e. easier to visually imagine) compared to one with lower imageability. Educational implications of the findings are discussed.     

基于影响图理论的供应链系统风险评估模型

基于多层次、追溯型的供应链系统风险分类,利用改进了的影响图理论,分别从拓扑层、函数层和数据层对供应链系统风险的形成机理进行分析,同时构建了供应链系统风险评估模型及一般研究范式。     

Using Pictures to Enhance Students' Understanding of Bayes' Theorem

Students often have difficulty understanding algebraic proofs of statistics theorems. However, it sometimes is possible to prove statistical theorems with pictures in which case students can gain understanding more easily. I provide examples for two versions of Bayes' theorem.     

非平衡双轴失配应变对BST薄膜相图的影响

用朗道———德文希尔理论研究了非平衡双轴失配应变对单畴外延钛酸锶钡(BST)薄膜相变的影响,得到了室温下生长在四方基底上的BST50/50薄膜的“失配应变—失配应变”相图和能量图。结果表明在BST50/50薄膜中由于非平衡双轴失配应变的作用,出现了两个在平面内的四方铁电相,即:a1相(P1≠0,P2=P3=0)和a2相(P2≠0,P1=P3=0),而这在平衡失配应变下是不存在的。室温下,非平衡失配应变在一定范围内不能使BST50/50中的顺电相消失。