基于学习共同体的中小学生学习心理机制及有效教学策略

学习共同体的学习方式有别于传统的教师主讲式的课堂授课形式。学习共同体特别强调"师-生"之间,"生-生"之间缔结一个相互联系、相互制约、彼此促进的共同体来完成学生的学习活动。基于学习共同体的中小学生学习心理机制是一种主动建构、信息加工的过程,即:"1.输入信息、注意保持、认知观念;2.加工信息、内化知识、建构系统;3.改组经验、解决问题、生成能力"。学习共同体旨在教师引导下,让学生通过自主探究、小组讨论、合作分享、获得知识、生成能力。教师实施有效的教学策略,充分发挥学习共同体的功能,会促进培养中小学生的核心素养,提升学生分析问题解决问题能力。     

Special educational needs in mainstream secondary school physical education: learning support assistants have their say

Learning support assistants (LSAs) gained more political and academic attention in Britain after Estelle Morris announced that schools of the future would include more trained staff to support learning to higher standards. LSAs, thus, should form an integral part of the culture of all school departments in Britain, including physical education (PE). The paper uses Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony to explore the processes and practices that shape the views and experiences of LSAs and ultimately the extent to which they facilitate an inclusive culture in PE. A web survey gathered the views and experiences of LSAs vis-à-vis the inclusion of pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream secondary school PE in North-West England. A modified version of the tailored design method participant contact strategy resulted in 343 LSAs starting the web survey, with 154 (45%) following it through to completion. All quantitative data were analysed using Microsoft Excel whilst qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. This entailed the identification of recurring themes and patterns present in the data. The findings highlight the hegemonic status of English, maths and science when it comes to the allocation of SEN resources, which most LSAs support and often reinforce. PE is particularly disadvantaged in this hierarchy of subject priority. The majority of LSAs have not received PE-specific training, which brings into question their ability to facilitate inclusion in PE. Moreover, many schools do not appear to value the involvement of LSAs in the planning of differentiated lessons, which could have a negative impact on the PE experiences of some pupils with SEN given that LSAs are perhaps most aware of the specific learning needs of the pupils they support.     

理学方法和唐诗批评的美学趣味

诗学理论中的"性情"说,发展到宋代,受到理学的深刻影响.北宋的中后期开始,理学思想及方法对于诗歌理论和诗学方法的渗透,儒家传统诗教中的"情动于中,而形于言"的内涵,因理学的观念和概念的提出而扩充了.其中首先是对"发乎情志"的界定.此时的"情志",已经不是原先单纯的出于自然的诗人个人情感,而是所谓合乎"天理"的"自然",这样,诗人的自然之情便要受到某种制约,而不是像先前那样,是随意的流泻.这里藏伏下来的因素,日后便成为后代诗学方法中,强调"性情"与"法度"统一的先兆.诗学理论与实践中,所谓的"自然"与"法度",或者"性情"与"法度"的统一,在"理"和"道"的层面上,根本无法实施,而只能落实到具体的诗歌技巧如"平仄"的运用中去.理学范畴中的矛盾最后导致诗歌创作实践中摹拟措施的产生.严羽及<沧浪诗话>中的许多观点的形成,都与宋代理学观念与方法有联系,而并非仅仅是"以禅喻诗".甚至可以说,严羽只是对前期深受理学方法影响的唐诗观的一次专业性总结.     

西部大开发与非公有制经济领域的统战工作

西部大开发离不开国家的支持 ,但也不能全靠国家投资。非公有制经济作为我国经济成分的一个重要组成部分 ,在整个国民经济中起着越来越明显的作用。如何启动民间资本 ,发展各种形式的非公有制经济 ,是西部大开发的一个重要问题 ,也是统战部门利用时机 ,进一步做好非公有制经济代表人士工作的又一个任务     

康德、“西马”、“后学”：学术旨趣与现实观照——台湾学者对近20年大陆西方哲学研究的评述

台湾学界对于大陆近20年来西方哲学的研究，除了关注其出版的译著，主要评述了有关康德、西方马克思主义和后现代主义的研究。这些评述表现了学术旨趣和现实关照的并重。     

证明不等式的几种特殊方法

从不等式的结构和特点出发,在已学过的知识的基础上进行广泛的联想,构造一个与不等式相关的数学模型,实现问题的转化,从而使不等式得到证明。本文探讨如何用构造法和柯西不等式法两种特殊方法来证明不等式。     

中国西部旅游资源弱势区发展旅游的研究——以四川绵阳为例

西部大开发战略,给西部旅游业的发展带来了千载难逢的好机会。但西部有很多县市属旅游资源弱势区,这些地区大多比较贫穷落后,除旅游资源外其他资源也相对匮乏,它们如何谋求发展?文章以四川绵阳为例,在用耗散结构理论深入系统研究绵阳旅游业的基础上,按照国际惯例采取与世界旅游组织接轨的理念和方法,研究并讨论了绵阳大一统旅游这一案例及其与绵阳区域旅游发展的关系。实证研究表明,绵阳大一统旅游对提升绵阳形象,促进绵阳旅游业形成龙头产品,增强绵阳旅游业的竞争力等具有积极作用。这为西部资源弱势区旅游发展提供了一种新的模式和启示。     

冷战后西欧政党格局的变化及其影响

自 2 0世纪 80年代末以来 ,西欧政党格局发生一定变化 ,进一步向两极格局靠拢。政党格局的变化是由于冷战后冲击波、各国社会经济政治及选民队伍变化等一系列因素所致。西欧政党格局的变化将对未来西欧政治走向产生深刻影响。     

Reflectors as online extraverts?

Increasingly, online learning is perceived as an effective method of instruction. Much recent educational research has focused on examining the purposes and situations for which online education is best suited. In this paper, students enrolled in two online courses are compared with their peers enrolled in equivalent classroom‐based courses to investigate aspects of the relationship between learning style and mode of delivery. Student satisfaction measures are taken from participants in both modes of delivery and compared with student learning style. Feedback from the ‘Reflector’ learning style demonstrates higher satisfaction levels with the online mode of delivery compared with their matched counterparts following equivalent classroom‐based courses. Therefore, whilst ‘Reflectors’ might be regarded as Introverts in the traditional classroom setting, the additional time for reflection offered by online delivery makes this group more likely to contribute to online discussion, report higher satisfaction levels and generally behave more like online Extraverts.