基于MODIS/NDVI的锡林郭勒草原植被变化及其归因

在国家“生态文明”战略背景下,蒙古高原作为中国北方重要生态屏障的作用更加凸显。锡林郭勒作为蒙古高原南端的典型内流区与生态敏感区,其草原植被覆盖变化规律在一定程度上能表征中国北方整体生态系统功能的变化态势。本文采用MODIS13Q1的产品NDVI数据集,运用势分析法、偏相关性及残差分析法,分析锡林郭勒草原2000—2015年生长期植被覆盖度时空演变特征,探讨草原植被变化的归因。研究结果表明：16年来锡林郭勒草原的生长期植植被覆盖每年以0.0021的速率缓慢增长,但其变化趋势存在明显地域差异性;比较发现,降水因子是影响锡林郭勒地区植被覆盖变化的主要因素;人类活动对该地区植被覆盖变化的改善促进和破坏抑制作用并存,总体是正向干扰效应大于负向干扰效应,人类活动对植被覆盖度改善作用的面积占34.911%,京津风沙源地治理工程等在草原生态环境改善中发挥重要作用;而人类活动导致生态环境遭到破坏的面积占19.348%,尤其是草原露天煤矿开采严重破坏草原植被系统。     

学术期刊共媒体云与自媒体库互动融合的构想

【目的】 结合新时代对学术期刊发展提出的新要求,探讨学术期刊媒体融合的宏观架构设计和有效路径。【方法】 采用文献法明确当前研究的趋势和不足;采用访谈法了解学术期刊四大利益主体的特征、需求及学术期刊媒体融合面临的问题;采用实地调查法明确学术期刊媒体融合的现状与需求,并提出新的媒体融合模式。【结果】 创造性地提出“共媒体云+自媒体库”的互动融合模式,根据学术期刊准产业化运营的整体构想,着眼于学术期刊核心竞争力整合学术内容生产的核心环节,联结四大利益主体,通过相辅相成、互动提高的运行机制促进学术期刊的共生发展。【结论】 “共媒体云+自媒体库”互动融合打破期刊层面和个体层面的传统壁垒,加强两者间的知识共享与互动反馈,突显并强化各自的优势：共媒体云能突显学术期刊的核心业务,兼容多种媒体形态,有利于学术期刊核心竞争力的提升,实现可持续发展;自媒体库有利于促进学术期刊及相关利益主体的有效互动,拓展稿件来源和传播渠道,从源头上提升学术内容生产水平,实现学术利益共同体的互促共赢。     

Gathering the views of children and young people with ASD: a systematic literature review

According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, children have a right to have their views listened to, and studies have shown that doing so can improve their motivation and self‐esteem. Accordingly, this systematic literature review sought to investigate how the views of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who have difficulties with social communication, may be gathered. Searches of electronic databases yielded 20 studies which met the criteria for inclusion. Semi‐structured interviews (SSIs) were popular, but there is tentative evidence that these are better suited to older, or more academically able, participants. Some of the evidence suggests adaptations to make SSIs more accessible to young people with ASD. Initial evidence has also emerged regarding the suitability of focus groups and electronic diaries. More focused evaluation by researchers of the suitability of their chosen data‐gathering methods for participants with ASD would allow broader conclusions to be drawn.     

‘Borrowed access’ – the struggle of older persons for digital participation

This study investigates older persons engagement with digital interfaces as one important way to social inclusion. Digital exclusion and social exclusion are intrinsically intertwined, which put older persons at risk for exclusion. To construct meaningful educational practices for inclusion, more insight is needed to understand consequences of low digital competence. Eighteen men and women (retired) have been interviewed about their everyday encounters with digital interfaces. Results show how older persons ‘borrow’ knowledge from social networks or from contacts at previous workplace, to access technology and digital practices. Data also show a common acceptance of exclusion and changes in lifestyle. These fragile chains, put together to access digital practices jeopardise social inclusion understood as autonomy and participation in society. Informants did not mention community arrangements as resources for access and knowledge, which indicate that hard work is required to promote inclusion of this group. A possible way could be using the power of informally framed learning scenarios. Society cannot turn a blind eye to the fact that groups of citizens are hindered from developing capabilities to maintain a social life, to access the health sector, to enjoy integrity and independence and cultural recreation – to live a capable life.     

Pupil participation in planning provision for special educational needs: teacher perspectives

There are legal, moral and practical reasons to involve pupils in planning provision for their special educational needs. We do not yet know how principles are implemented in practice. This study explored the views and experiences of 64 teachers with an interest in special educational needs through an online survey. Participants reported greater pupil involvement in everyday matters, less in conceptual aspects of planning. Effective strategies were based on good teacher-pupil relationships and school-wide systems for sharing pupil views. Participants gave examples of the impact of pupil participation on teacher insight, pupil motivation and material provision. 84 per cent indicated that they would like pupils to be more involved in decisions about their provision than they currently are. Barriers included the nature of children’s difficulties and practitioner attitudes. Listening to children is intrinsic to good teaching, yet pupils also benefit from a more formal role in provision planning.     

The Impact of More,Better, Faster,Cheaper: How the PCC Influenced Everything That Followed

Abstract

The beginnings and the early years of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) had a profound impact on the approach taken to cataloging in North America and around the world. The commitment to standards, cooperation, and expanded access also had an impact that went far beyond cataloging operations. One library dean traces the evolution of her vision and contemplates how the PCC’s principles have shaped her entire career and have affected the libraries in which she has worked.     

Closing the gap: supporting literacy through a computer-assisted-reading-intervention

Schools in England are expected to ‘close the gap’ for a range of vulnerable pupils who are achieving below the levels seen amongst their same-aged peers. They are also highly accountable for additional funding that is provided to support this goal. The project reported here involved collating and analysing a range of data in order to evaluate the impact of a widely used computer-assisted-reading-intervention (CARI). Sixteen primary school pupils, all of whom were identified by their school as underachieving in literacy, used the CARI daily over a five-week period. The post-intervention data showed some clear gains in reading and spelling skills for all bar one of the children. The findings are discussed in relation to the wider literatures on CARIs. The research concludes that the CARI under investigation offers a useful and cost-effective adjunct to whole-class and group reading instruction and may be particularly beneficial for supporting the learning of pupils who are struggling to consolidate the knowledge and skills covered in their regular classroom reading instruction.     

基于Sentinel-1/2的水体提取方法对比研究——以斯里兰卡小型水体为例

地表水面精确提取是研究地表水质和水量变化的重要基础。斯里兰卡是"21世纪海上丝绸之路"的重要参与国，年降雨量丰富，但时空分布不均，斯里兰卡人民长期用水困难，研究斯里兰卡地表水体有助于斯里兰卡民生问题的解决。斯里兰卡国内散布着大量的小型水库和坑塘，这些小面积水体易受周边环境因素影响而提取困难。基于2017年7月斯里兰卡中东部地区的哨兵（Sentinel）1/2号卫星影像，对比分析单波段法、水体指数法和监督分类等水体提取方法的精度和存在的问题。结果表明，归一化水体指数法NDWI的准确率最高，分类精度达94%。     

Universal access to preschool education: approaches to integrating preschool with school in rural and remote communities

In 2012, the government of South Australia responded to Federal agreements aimed at universal access to preschool education for children in the year before starting formal schooling by introducing a trial designed to ‘integrate’ preschool children into first year of school programmes in rural and remote areas of the state. This paper reports on the evaluation of this trial, exploring the ways in which integration was interpreted and implemented in eight rural and/or remote sites, the perceived value of collaboration in planning integrated provision and the ways in which two new curriculum documents – one for the prior-to-school years and the other for compulsory school – influenced the delivery of integrated preschool–school programmes. Results identify several types of integration, highlight some of the challenges of collaboration in integrating preschool with school and share the caution of educators about the push down of school curriculum into preschool contexts.