The View from Rapunzel's Tower

The fairy tale Rapunzel has captured the imagination of numerous writers and illustrators, particularly in recent years. Complex in origins and rich in possibilities, the tale has been interpreted in diverse ways that emphasize authentic issues relating to mothers and daughters, husbands and wives, love, longing, temptation, maturation, and responsibility. Poets, novelists, short-story writers, musicians, and illustrators have all found inspiration in Rapunzel. This essay concentrates in particular on the interpretations of three picture book artists, Felix Hoffmann, Trina Schart Hyman, and Paul Zelinsky, in an attempt to better understand both the significance of the tale and the ways in which artists interpret and illuminate stories.     

Nazi Dentists on Trial: On the Political Complicity of a Long-Neglected Professional Community

Studies on the complicity of the medical profession in the crimes of the Third Reich are on the rise. This also applies to the question of the extent to which doctors were brought to justice in international trials after World War II. This topic, however, has hardly been considered—let alone systematically investigated—with respect to German dentists. It is precisely this gap that this article will address. First, we quantitatively identify all dentists who were brought to justice in the post-war period. Second, we give a profile of this group. We focus on the following questions: Who among the group was brought to trial, and when? What crimes were they accused of, which sentences were handed down, and how did these sentences affect their future lives? Our study is based primarily on archival sources, which we analyzed with respect to the relevant secondary literature. Contrary to the widely-held assumption that dentists had almost never had been made to stand trial after the end of the war, we identified 48 dentists who were accused in court. The prototypical accused dentist was male, lived in a traditional family model, belonged to the National Socialist Workers’ Party (NSDAP) and the Waffen-SS (Schutzstaffel), and was part of the so-called Kriegsjugendgeneration. The most frequent allegations made against these men were the theft of dental gold of murdered Nazi victims, an accusation unique to dentists; (accessory to) murder or manslaughter; and involvement in the deadly selections made in the concentration camps. In total, eight dentists were executed. Generally speaking, the earlier these proceedings and the sentencing took place, the harsher the sentence was. Many of those who received prison sentences subsequently found their way back into the dental profession.     

从凡尔赛-华盛顿体系的内在矛盾看二战起源

第二次世界大战爆发的一个突出特点是它离第一次世界大战的结束只有20年,它的爆发与一战结局必然有着深刻联系,而一战的结局则直接体现为凡尔赛-华盛顿体系,因此,谈二战起源就不能不从凡尔赛-华盛顿体系说起。凡尔赛-华盛顿体系的内在矛盾是新的大战爆发之根本原因。     

Seymour Benzer and T4 <Emphasis Type="Italic">r</Emphasis>II

One of the goals of genetics is to understand genes in as much detail as possible. For instance, with respect to a given gene, one would like to know its chromosomal location, its physical and genetic size, its neighbours, the number of mutations/alleles defining the gene, the order of mutations, the genetic/physical distance between them, etc. Thus, rather than focusing on the whole genome, one focuses on the finer details of a given genetic segment. The exercise of probing such details is called ‘fine structure genetic analysis’. There are several pioneers who have contributed enormously to this area in many bacterial and phage systems. Two stalwarts, Seymour Benzer and Charles Yanofsky, stand preeminent among them. In the following pages I present briefly Benzer’s outstanding work on the fine structure of the rII region of bacteriopage T4. These path-breaking studies contributed significantly to our understanding of the structure, organization and function of genes. R Jayaraman is an Emeritus Professor of Molecular Biology at the School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, where he taught and carried out research in the area of microbial genetics for three decades.     

福特家族CEO危机管理策略述评

福特家族CEO是福特汽车公司的灵魂。其危机管理策略,是坚持愿景,坚守基本面,承担社会责任,依法经营,注重环保,跳出企业生命周期率,适应不同时代的不同商业模式,制定科学的运营流程、薪酬体系和组织结构,设计、生产和营销优良产品。     

通信原理实验教学的改革

基于FPGA的EDA技术是近几年迅速发展起来的电子设计技术，将其应用于通信原理实验教学，可改变传统的实验教学模式，极大地提高实验效果，从而实现通信原理实验教学的重大改革。     

聚1.10-菲络啉合钴(II)化学修饰电极测一氧化氮的研究

文章介绍了电化学聚合1.10-菲络啉合钴(II)化学修饰电极的制备,并对NO的响应范围及机理作了初步的研究.实验发现,用电化学方法聚合制备的该电极涂加Nafion后对NO的检测有高的灵敏度和好的选择性.NO的浓度在4.2×10-5~2.4×10-7 mol/L范围内氧化电流与浓度呈线性关系,其线性相关系数为0.996,检测限达4.8×10-8mol/L;     

Association of Type II 5′ Monodeiodinase Thr92Ala Single Nucleotide Gene Polymorphism and Circulating Thyroid Hormones Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are common endocrinopathies, which often occur parallel. Dyslipidemia is very common in both of these conditions. The development of hypothyroidism is well-known in type 1 diabetics, but it was not distinctly understood in type 2 diabetics. Thus we tried to examine the association between type II deiodinase (D2 or DIO2) Thr92Ala single nucleotide gene polymorphism and thyroid function among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A total of 130 type 2 diabetics were screened and genotyped for DIO2 Thr92Ala polymorphism. Fasting plasma glucose, Glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid and thyroid profiles, malondialdehyde (MDA) and paraoxonase were estimated according to standard procedures. A significant altered level of thyroid hormones (TH’s) was found in Ala/Ala genotype when compared with Thr/Thr or Thr/Ala genotype. DIO2 and T₃:T₄ ratio significantly decreased, whereas total T₄ and thyroid stimulating hormone levels significantly elevated among Ala/Ala genotype (131 ± 30 ng/ml; 0.12 ± 0.05; 7.17 ± 2.05 µg/dl; 4.77 ± 3.1 µIU/ml, respectively) when compared with Thr/Thr + Thr/Ala genotypes (176 ± 33 ng/ml; 0.21 ± 0.05; 5.21 ± 1.1 µg/dl; 2.59 ± 1.61 µIU/ml respectively). Moreover, D2 levels were significantly negatively correlated with TH’s levels except total T₄ among Ala/Ala genotypes. All the patients were having a poor glycemic control, and their glycemic status was positively correlating with MDA levels. On the other hand, serum paraoxonase activity decreased among Ala/Ala genotype (104 ± 21 vs. 118 ± 18 nmol/min/ml). In conclusion, DIO2 Ala92 homozygous variant found to be associated with altered levels of DIO2, Thyroid profile and paraoxonase. Hence, we recommend to do detail study of genetic factors related to thyroid function and prevent additional diabetic complications.     

Effect of type II collagen treatment on the antioxidant status in immune tissues of adjuvant induced arthritic rats

Adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) is a model widely used to study Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, lipid peroxides level in spleen and thymus of AIA rats was observed to be significantly high compared to normal rats. A significant decrease in ascorbic acid (ASA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) was also observed in spleen and thymus of AIA rats compared to normal rats. There was also a steady increase in the circulating immune complex level (CIC) throughout the experimental period in serum of AIA rats. In the present investigation, it was decided to study the effect of pre and post treatment with TYPE II collagen on the antioxidant status and the circulating immune complex level in AIA rats. The results from the present work indicates that the pretreatment with TYPE II collagen was effective in bringing significant changes on all the parameters studied in AIA rats. The post treatment with TYPE II collagen was effective in bringing significant changes on the CIC immune complex level and GSH content in the thymus tissue of AIA rats. The present work suggests that the pre treatment with TYPE II collagen was more effective in suppressing the disease than the post treatment.     

三种三尖杉属植物越冬期光合器的功能和膜蛋白成分的比较研究

本文对三尖杉属中三种植物即：三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei，粗榧C.sinensis 和柱   冠日本粗榧C.harringtonia cv．Fastigiata越冬期的光合器功能进行了研究。研究结果表明   这三种常绿三尖杉植物越冬时叶绿体的光合放氧活性受到抑制，但光系统II中心的活性和镁   离子调节光能分配的功能存在。说明其越冬特性与松柏科植物类似。     叶绿体膜的低温荧光测定结果表明三种植物的F685,F695和F735的比率各不相同。用SDS—   聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析叶绿体膜蛋白，发现柱冠日本粗榧的多肽数与三尖杉和粗榧有明显差异。以上特征可能有助于分类或系统位置的研究。